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Dependency of typhoon intensity and genesis locations on El Ni?o phase and SST shift over the western North Pacific |
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| Authors: | Kyung-Ja Ha Soon-Jo Yoon Kyung-Sook Yun Jong-Seong Kug Yeon-Soo Jang Johnny C L Chan |
| Institution: | 1. Division of Earth Environmental System, Pusan National University, Busan, 609-735, South Korea 2. Korea Ocean Research and Development Institute, Ansan, South Korea 3. School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China |
| Abstract: | The effects of the El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phase and the shifting of the ENSO sea surface temperature (SST) on the intensity of tropical cyclones (TC) have been extensively investigated in terms of TC genesis locations in the western North Pacific (WNP). To advance the hypothesis for a relation of genesis location–intensity that the TC formation location hints its intensity, two cases have been compared, which include the phase of the decaying El Ni?o turning over to La Ni?a (type I) and the phase that recovers to a neutral condition (type II). In addition, the shift of ENSO SST to the central Pacific warming (CPW) from the East Pacific warming (EPW) has been examined. The genesis potential index (GPI) and the accumulated cyclone energy have been applied to compare the differences between the ENSO phase and the TC formation location. It was apparent that ENSO influences the WNP typhoon formation location depending on the cycle of the ENSO phase. In addition, the typhoon activity was affected by the zonal shift of the El Ni?o SST. The CPW, which has maximum SST over the central Pacific, tends to have a persistently high GPI over the WNP in September–November and June–August, demonstrating that the formation locations of strong TCs significantly shift southeastward compared with the EPW having SST maximum over the eastern Pacific. CPW years revealed a distinguishable relationship between the TC formation location and the TC between the tropical depression (TD) + tropical storm (TS) and the intense typhoon of category 4?+?5. |
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