| 基于数值模式误差分析的气温预报方法 |
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| 引用本文： | 蔡凝昊,俞剑蔚.基于数值模式误差分析的气温预报方法[J].大气科学学报,2019,42(6):864-873. |
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| 作者姓名： | 蔡凝昊 俞剑蔚 |
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| 作者单位： | 江苏省气象台, 江苏 南京 210008;南京大气科学联合研究中心, 江苏 南京 210009,江苏省气象台, 江苏 南京 210008;南京大气科学联合研究中心, 江苏 南京 210009 |
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| 基金项目： | 北极阁开放研究基金-南京大气科学联合研究中心基金资助项目（NJCAR2016ZD04）；华东区域气象科技协同创新基金合作项目（QYHZ201602） |
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| 摘 要： | 采用欧洲中期天气预报中心(ECMWF)全球确定性预报模式地面气温和国家地面站点观测资料,对模式初值场误差、历史误差以及卡尔曼滤波预测误差与实况误差之间的相关性进行分析,设计了4种回归方案订正日最高、最低气温预报偏差,并与ECMWF、中央气象台和全国城镇的预报产品进行了检验对比。结果表明:采用了模式近1～3 d最高(最低)气温和模式最高(最低)气温历史平均误差、初值场误差以及卡尔曼滤波反演误差作为预报因子的改进方案效果最优,经对其2017年日最高和最低气温的预报检验,预报准确率较ECMWF原始模式预报有较明显提高,也明显优于中央气象台指导预报。在空间分布方面,其对地形较为复杂地区的改进效果更好。同时,与当前业务中质量最好的全国城镇预报相比,最高气温预报平均绝对偏差(Mean Absolute Error,MAE)较全国城镇预报低8.24%～13.97%,预报准确率提高1.24%～3.57%,日最低气温平均绝对偏差较城镇预报低9.43%～17.69%,预报准确率提高1.77%～2.72%。在3 d的预报中,对24 h时效内预报相对于48 h和72 h的改进幅度更大,订正效果更加明显。
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| 关 键 词： | 偏差订正 线性回归 初值场误差 卡尔曼滤波 |
| 收稿时间： | 2019/3/5 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2019/6/14 0:00:00 |
Temperature forecasting method based on numerical model bias analysis |
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| CAI Ninghao and YU Jianwei.Temperature forecasting method based on numerical model bias analysis[J].大气科学学报,2019,42(6):864-873. |
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| Authors: | CAI Ninghao and YU Jianwei |
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| Institution: | Weather Observatory of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210008, China;Nanjing Joint Center for Atmospheric Research(NJCAR), Nanjing 210008, China and Weather Observatory of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210008, China;Nanjing Joint Center for Atmospheric Research(NJCAR), Nanjing 210008, China |
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| Abstract: | In this study,based on the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) of 2 m surface air temperature and automatic weather observatory data of China,the correlation among the initial field bias,historical bias,Kalman filter predicted bias the real-time bias is analyzed.Four daily maximum and minimum temperature forecast regression schemes are designed.A comparison among ECMWF,CMA and provincial forecasting is investigated.The results show that the improved scheme''s predicted temperature,historical bias,initial field bias and Kalman filter inversion bias as the predictor are all optimal.In addition,the scheme''s forecast quality for the maximum and minimum temperatures in 2017 is significantly better than that of both ECMWF and CMA,particularly in areas featuring complex terrain.Compared with the best-performing provincial forecasting,the maximum temperature MAE is 8.24%~13.97% lower than the provincial forecast,while the forecast accuracy is increased by 1.24%~3.57%,and the daily minimum temperature MAE is 9.43%~17.69% lower than the provincial ones.The forecast accuracy rate increased by 1.77%~2.72%.Additionally,it shows the greatest improvement within 1 day,thus indicating that the correction effect decreases considerably with the forecast lead time. |
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| Keywords: | bias correction linear regression initial field bias Kalman filter |
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