| 西藏地区暴雨指标及暴雨事件的时空变化 |
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| 引用本文： | 杨勇,罗骕翾,尼玛吉,次仁央宗.西藏地区暴雨指标及暴雨事件的时空变化[J].湖北气象,2013(4):369-373. |
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| 作者姓名： | 杨勇 罗骕翾 尼玛吉 次仁央宗 |
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| 作者单位： | [1]西藏自治区气候中心,拉萨850001 [2]西藏自治区防雷中心,拉萨850001 |
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| 基金项目： | 资助项目：西藏自治区气象局科技创新基金项目（2013002） |
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| 摘 要： | 利用西藏1971-2012年38个站点逐日降水资料，综合应用累积分布函数值、百分位以及标准差等方法，计算了西藏各站点的暴雨指标，在此基础上对西藏暴雨事件的时空特征进行分析。结果表明：（1）西藏暴雨阈值为17.2～41.2 mm，呈自东南向西北逐渐变小的分布规律。最大值位于南部的聂拉木，西部的狮泉河最小；（2）年均暴雨日数在0.3～2.9 d之间，与年雨日、年降水量分布一致，自东向西递减；（3）东部暴雨日数在1971-1995年期间存在4～5 a的显著周期，1995-2012年为2～4 a的显著周期。南部暴雨日数在20世纪80年代至21世纪初存在2～4 a显著周期和8～10 a周期。沿雅江一线在整个时段存在3～6 a的显著周期。（4）在暴雨日数的时间转变上，东部无明显突变；南部地区突变增加开始于1982年，在1988-2012年增加趋势显著；沿雅江一线突变增加始于1976年，1998-2004年暴雨日数增多趋势明显。
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| 关 键 词： | 暴雨指标 时空特征 小波分析 突变 |
Rainstorm indices and spatio-temporal change of torrential rain events in Tibet |
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| Institution: | YANGYong,LUO Suxuan , Nlmaji , Cirenyangzong ( 1. Tibet Climatic Centre, Lhasa 850001; 2. Tibet Lighting Protection Center, Lhasa 850001) |
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| Abstract: | Based on the daily precipitation datasets recorded by 38 meteorology stations in Tibet from 1971 to 2012, the cumulative distribu-tion function value, percentile value and standard deviation were used to define rainstorm indices, and the spatiotemporal change of torrential rain events in Tibet was analyzed. The results indicate the following. （1） The thresholds of rainstorm varied in a range of 17.2-41.2 mm, with a maximum in Nyalam and a minimum in Shiquanhe. Its spatial distribution decreased from southeast to northeast. （2） The annual rainstorm days were 0.3-2.9 d, and its spatial distribution decreased from east to west, which was consistent with annual rain days and annual precipita-tion. （3） There was a significant 4-5 year period of frequency of rainstorm days before 1995 and 2-4 year after 1995 in the eastern area. In southern area, the significant frequency was 2-4 year and 8-10 year from 1980s to 2010s while it was 3-6 year in the river area all the time. （4） The abrupt change of rainstorm days began at 1982 in southern region, and 1976 in river region while there was no obvious change in east-ern region. Furthermore, the rainstorm days significantly increased over 1988-2012 in southern region, and 1998-2004 in river region. |
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| Keywords: | rainstorm indices spatial and temporal change wavelet analysis climate abrupt |
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