| 2013年湖南首场致灾性强对流天气过程成因分析 |
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| 引用本文： | 叶成志,唐明晖,陈红专,田莹.2013年湖南首场致灾性强对流天气过程成因分析[J].湖北气象,2013(1):1-10. |
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| 作者姓名： | 叶成志 唐明晖 陈红专 田莹 |
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| 作者单位： | 湖南省气象台;湖南省怀化市气象台 |
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| 基金项目： | 财政部/科技部公益类行业专项(GYHY201306016);国家自然科学基金(41075034);中国气象局预报员专项(CMAYBY2013-046) |
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| 摘 要： | 应用湖南多部雷达和探空资料、中小尺度自动气象站资料、南岳高山站逐时观测资料及LAPS局地分析资料,对2013年3月19日湖南首场致灾性强对流天气过程的成因进行综合分析,并探讨强冰雹和雷暴大风预警着眼点及其可预警性。结果表明:强对流发生前,近地面晴空辐射增温、对流不稳定层结、强的垂直风切变、强温度梯度直减率以及近地层较好的水汽条件为强对流风暴发生发展提供了良好的潜势条件;中低层冷平流、地面中尺度辐合线、能量锋和露点锋以及近地面层弱辐散、中低层强辐合、高层强辐散的动力耦合结构是强对流发生的有利天气背景,中低层冷空气是这次强对流过程的触发机制;强对流风暴的前期以超级单体风暴和多单体风暴为主,超级单体风暴东移北上过程中与湖南西部不断新生的对流回波结合后发展成飑线,飑线维持、发展过程中出现"弓形"回波、中层径向辐合(MARC)、低层辐散、速度大值区等特征;在短临预警服务中,中低层明显的钩状回波结构、持续偏高的反射率因子和垂直积分液态水含量(VIL)值为靖州强冰雹预警的发布提供了有效依据,而低仰角距离地面1 km内的径向速度大值区(大于20 m.s-1)则为道县雷暴大风预警提供重要参考。
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| 关 键 词： | 飑线 对流潜势 触发机制 预警依据 LAPS局地分析资料 |
Synthetic discussion on the causes of the first severe convective weather causing disaster over Hunan in 2013 |
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| YE Chengzhi,TANG Minghui,CHEN Hongzhuan,TIAN Ying.Synthetic discussion on the causes of the first severe convective weather causing disaster over Hunan in 2013[J].Meteorology Journal of Hubei,2013(1):1-10. |
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| Authors: | YE Chengzhi TANG Minghui CHEN Hongzhuan TIAN Ying |
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| Institution: | 1(1.Hunan Meteorological Observatory,changsha 410007;2.Huaihua Meteorological Observatory of Hunan Province,Huaihua,418000) |
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| Abstract: | Using data from various radars in Hunan and radiosonde data, meso-and micro-scale observations of automatic weather stations, meteorological records at the Nanyne Mountain station and LAPS data, this paper analyzes the causes of the first severe convective weather process causing disaster over Hunan on 19 March 2013, and then explores the early warning focus and predictability for strong hail and thun- derstorm gale. The results show that before the process, intense warming near the ground by sky radiation, instable convection stratification, strong vertical wind shear, strong temperature gradient lapse rate and abundant water vapor near the ground provide good potential conditions for the occurrence and development of the severe convective storm. All the factors including co]d adveetion in the mid- and low-level, surface mesoscale convergence line, energy front and dew point front as well as the dynamical coupling of weak divergence near the ground, strong convergence in the mid- and low-level and divergence in the upper level form the main trigger mechanism of the severe convection. The pro- phase of this severe convective storm is characterized by supereell storms and multi-cell storms. While moving eastwards and jumping north- wards, the supercell storm combines with convective echo generating continuously in western Hunan and develops into a squall line; at the same time, while the maintenance and development of squall line, bow-shaped echo, middle-level radial convergence, low-level divergence and great value zone of velocity are seen in the radar chart. In the noweasting services, the obvious hook-shaped echo structure in the mid- and low-level, continued high reflectivity factor and vertical integrated liquid （V1L） provide an effective basis for the early warning issue of heavy hail in Jingzhou, but the great value zone of radial velocity （〉20m·s^-1） at low angle （within 1 km from the surface） provides important reference for the early warning issue of thunderstorm gale in Daoxian. |
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| Keywords: | squall line convective potential trigger mechanism early warning basis LAPS data |
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