| 1961-2014年中国内陆农业区异常初、终霜日时空变化及其与环流因子的关系 |
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| 引用本文： | 马彬,张勃,贾艳青,唐敏.1961-2014年中国内陆农业区异常初、终霜日时空变化及其与环流因子的关系[J].气象学报,2017,75(4):661-671. |
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| 作者姓名： | 马彬 张勃 贾艳青 唐敏 |
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| 作者单位： | 西北师范大学, 兰州, 730070 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金面上项目（41561024）、高校博士学科点专项科研基金（20136203110002）。 |
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| 摘 要： | 利用中国内陆1961年以来734个气象台站0 cm地表最低温度作为初、终霜日的参考指标，运用概率密度函数方法定义了不同等级的霜冻指数，重点分析了全球气候状态转变后中国农业区初、终霜日稳定性，异常初、终霜日时空变化特征，以及环流因子变化对初、终霜日的影响。结果显示:（1）青藏高原地区在20世纪90年代之后初霜日明显推后、终霜日明显提前，无霜期明显延长；四川盆地东部、华南地区南部部分站点在20世纪90年代之后霜期缩短明显，出现低频率无霜年份，无霜日站点相对有所增多，出现向北扩展趋势，20世纪90年代之后扩展趋势明显。（2）20世纪80年代初、终霜日相对于其他时段稳定性最强，20世纪90年代稳定性最低，气候状态转变之后青藏高原和新疆南部地区初、终霜日稳定性较强区域面积明显增大；空间上四川盆地东部和华南区初、终霜日稳定性最低，其他区域初、终霜日稳定性相对较低，华南区霜日不稳定区分布范围在21世纪最初10年之后有所减小，稳定区北移明显。（3）异常初、终霜日发生频率:偏早初霜日>偏晚终霜日>特早初霜日>特晚终霜日，气候状态转变前后异常初、终霜日发生频率较高，20世纪90年代偏早初霜日高频率覆盖地区范围最大，其次是20世纪70年代偏早初霜日，气候状态的转变对异常初、终霜日的发生影响较大。（4）各农业区初霜日的推迟、终霜日的提前与极涡缩小、副热带高压北移有直接关系；极涡与副热带高压的位置、强度、面积变化对中国农业区初、终霜日多年气候状态的转变有一定的驱动作用。
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| 关 键 词： | 农业区 气候状态 异常初 终霜日 大气环流指数 |
| 收稿时间： | 2016/12/6 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2017/5/3 0:00:00 |
Temporal and spatial variations of the first and last frost dates in China's inland agricultural region from 1961 to 2014 and their relationships with circulation factors |
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| MA Bin,ZHANG Bo,JIA Yanqing and TANG Min.Temporal and spatial variations of the first and last frost dates in China''s inland agricultural region from 1961 to 2014 and their relationships with circulation factors[J].Acta Meteorologica Sinica,2017,75(4):661-671. |
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| Authors: | MA Bin ZHANG Bo JIA Yanqing and TANG Min |
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| Institution: | Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China |
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| Abstract: | Daily minimum temperature collected at 734 meteorological observation stations in Mainland China are used to identify the first and last frost dates. A frost index is defined to denote various levels of frost using the probability density function and analyze the stability of the first and last frost dates, the characteristics of temporal variations of abnormal first and last frost dates, and the effects of circulation factors on the first and last frost dates. Four major results are obtained. First, with the delay of the first frost date and the advance of the last frost date, the frost-free period has prolonged after the 1990s in the Tibetan Plateau; in addition, frost has disappeared and the frost-free period has prolonged since the 1990s in eastern Sichuan basin and southern China. Second, the stabilities of the first and last frost dates are the best in the 1980s, while the worst stabilities occurred in the 1990s; the area of the maximum stability has increased significantly in response to the changed climate status in the Tibetan Plateau and southern Xinjiang; the stability of the first and last frost dates are the worst in eastern Sichuan basin and southern China, while they are better in other areas; the area of instability has decreased and the region of stability moved northward after the 2000s. Third, the frequency of the abnormal first frost date, last frost date descending order is partial early first frost date, partial late last frost date, special early first frost date and special late last frost date. Furthermore, the frequency of abnormal first and last frost dates is relatively high during the period of climate change and the frequency of abnormally early first frost date is the highest in the 1990s, followed by that in the 1970s and climate change has impacts on abnormal first and last frost date. Fourth, the delay of the first frost date and the advance of the last frost date are closely correlated with the reduced northern hemisphere polar vortex area and the northward shift of the subtropical high; the locations, intensities, and areas of the northern hemisphere polar vortex and subtropical high have an important effect on perennial stability state of the first and last frost dates in the agriculture region of China. |
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| Keywords: | Agriculture region State of the climate Abnormal first and last frost dates Atmospheric circulation index |
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