| 北京地区的台风降水特征研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 丁德平,李英.北京地区的台风降水特征研究[J].气象学报,2009,67(5):864-874. |
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| 作者姓名： | 丁德平 李英 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 北京市气象局,北京,100089
2. 中国气象科学研究院灾害天气国家重点实验室,北京,100081 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点基础研究发展规划项目，国家自然科学基金项目 |
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| 摘 要： | 采用上海台风研究所1949-2006年台风降水和台风年鉴资料、中国FY-2卫星和日本气象厅TBB资料以及NCEP再分析资料,首先分析58年台风影响北京降水的气候特征,然后对8407号台风Freda和0509号台风Matsa影响下北京两次强度差异显著的降水过程进行对比研究.结果表明:(1)台风影响北京降水年均0.33次,出现在6-9月.降水过程多为大雨以上天气过程,持续时间一般2 d,最长可达5 d.(2)影响台风的活动范围大致为(20°-50°N,109°-128°E).路径主要包括西北行和转向东北行两类,并以前者居多.北京发生暴雨时,台风中心主要出现在江西-安徽-带、黄海或北京附近.(3)Freda对北京的影响发生在台风与西风槽相互作用过程中,而Matsa的影响表现为台风低压环流直接控制北京.两个台风均受冷空气影响而变性,具有明显的非对称结构,两次过程中北京位于台风不同的对流运动发展区域是造成降水强度差异的原因之一.(4)两次台风过程中北京均具有较好的水汽条件和对流不稳定层结,但动力抬升条件差异明显.Freda影响下北京具有较强的水平风垂直切变,偏南暖湿气流上升运动深厚.而Matsa影响下北京盛行偏北气流,中低层下沉运动显著,水汽抬升受到抑制.另外,北京西北高东南低的地形也是其台风降水产生差异的原因之一.在台风东侧,地形作为偏南气流的迎风坡可加强上升运动,而在台风西侧则作为偏北气流的背风坡增强下沉运动.
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| 关 键 词： | 台风 北京降水 气候特征 相互作用 |
| 收稿时间： | 2009/3/16 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2009/6/10 0:00:00 |
A study on rainfall features of Beijing assoc iated with typhoons. |
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| DING Deping and LI Ying.A study on rainfall features of Beijing assoc iated with typhoons.[J].Acta Meteorologica Sinica,2009,67(5):864-874. |
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| Authors: | DING Deping and LI Ying |
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| Institution: | Beijing Meteorological Bureau, Beijing 100089, China and State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China |
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| Abstract: | Based on "Typhoon Year Book" data, typhoon rainfall data from 1949 to 2006, satellite TBB and NCEP reanalysis data, the climatic characteristics of Belling rainfall associated with typhoons were analyzed. Two typhoon cases with remarkable difference in rainfall rate over Belling were compared and diagnosed. Statistical results show that a rainfall event associated with typhoon oc-curred in Belling about every three year during June to September averaged on 58 years. Those typhoons mainly occurred in the region of (20°- 50°N, 109°- 128°E) and most of them moved northwestward while the others turn to the northeast. The typhoon rainfall in Beijing sustained 2 days in general and 5 days the longest duration is. The typhoon centers usually appeared in the areas of Jiangxi and Anhui, Huanghai sea or near Beijing when rainstorms occurred over Beijing. Comparison study indicates that 2-day torrential rainfall event happened in Belling under the interaction between typboon Freda (8407) and westerly trough, while only general rain-fall occurred in Belling though dominated by the low circulation of typhoon Masta (0509). It is found that both of Freda and Masta underwent extratropical transition process, which resulted in typhoon asymmetric structure with the heavy rainfall developing in the northern and eastern sides of typhoon center. That contributed to the distinct rainfall deference in Beijing, which located in different areas of the two typhoons. On the other hand, the lifting conditions for precipitation were different in spite of plenty water moisture and convective unstable in Belling. The ascending motion of warm southerly was strong and deep under the strong wind vertical shear associated with typhoon Freda. However, the lifting of water vapor was restrained due to the descending motion of northerly cold air-flow under the impact of typhoon Matsa. Besides, the Beijing topography also played an important role in the rainfall difference be-tween the two typhoons. The southerly (northerly) would be lifted (sunk) in typhoon eastern (western) part under the topographic effect of Beijing with mountainous area in its northwest and plain in its southeast. |
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| Keywords: | Beijing Rainfall Typhoon Climatic features Interaction |
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