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1993—2006年中国区域酸雨变化特征及成因分析
引用本文:赵艳霞,侯青.1993—2006年中国区域酸雨变化特征及成因分析[J].气象学报,2008,66(6):1032-1042.
作者姓名:赵艳霞  侯青
作者单位:中国气象科学研究院,北京,100081;中国气象局大气成分观测与服务中心,北京,100081;中国气象局大气化学重点开放实验室,北京,100081
摘    要:中国气象局酸雨站网始建于1989年,最初仅有22个。1993—2005年,一直维持在85至88个,经2006和2007年两次扩建达到294个站。考虑到资料的连续性,本文是以80多个酸雨观测站有系统观测以来(即近14年)的酸雨观测资料为基础,经过客观统计分析,得出中国酸雨的时空变化特征。总的来说,中国酸雨区主体位于长江以南的广大地区,北方也存在小范围的酸雨区。从全国来看,酸雨发生范围总体上呈扩大趋势,北方酸雨发生范围扩大明显,南方基本保持不变;而且,酸雨污染重灾区由西南逐步转移至华中和华南中部。就酸雨强度而言,1993—1998年是最强阶段,1999—2002年强度有所降低,2003—2006年酸雨强度重又持续加强,到2006年已达到1993—1998年的平均水平;另一个显著特点是北方酸雨强度加强非常明显。对于中国区域降水酸度变化的成因,本文利用中国SO2排放量的变化和大气成分本底站降水化学的监测资料进行了分析和阐述。

关 键 词:中国  酸雨  pH值  酸雨频率  SO2  降水化学
收稿时间:2007/6/20 0:00:00

An analysis on spatial/temporal evolution of acid rain in China (1993-2006) and its causes
ZHAO Yanxia,HOU Qing.An analysis on spatial/temporal evolution of acid rain in China (1993-2006) and its causes[J].Acta Meteorologica Sinica,2008,66(6):1032-1042.
Authors:ZHAO Yanxia  HOU Qing
Abstract:The acid rain observation network of China Meteorological Administration(CMA)was first established in 1989,with 22 stations.It maintained 85 to 88 stations from 1993 to 2005,After more sfations established in 2006 and 2007,the station number of the network has rapidly increased to 294.Considering the continuity of data,the data used in this paper is the 14-year observations of the 88 stations' network from 1993 to 2006.Based on the latest 14 years observations of the acid rain network,statistics and analysis results show that the acid rain dominated in the vast regions south of the Yangtze River,and the limited presence of acid rain zone was also observed in the northern part of the country.The 14-year acid rain data indicate that an expanding tendency of acid rain zones was obvious especially in northern China,but it remained virtually unchanged in southern China.And the most severe acid rain polluted zone gradually moved from Southwest China to Central China and the central part of South China.As far as acid intensity of rain is concerned,1993-1998 was the period of severest acid rain,the intensity of acid rain slightly reduced in 1999-2002,increased again in 2003-2006,and reached the average acidity of the period of 1993-1998 by the end of 2006.In addition,the rain acidity in northern China increased markedly.For the causes of the rain acidity situation in China,this paper explains it in terms of the sulfur dioxide emissions and the monitoring data of rainwater chemicals.
Keywords:China  Acid rain  pH value  Frequency of acid rain  Sulfur dioxide emission  Rainwater chemicals
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