| 1961～2017年遵义地区冰雹时空分布特征 |
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| 作者姓名： | 张云秋 唐海 陈茜茜 胡玉娟 |
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| 作者单位： | 遵义市气象局,仁怀市气象局,余庆县气象局,绥阳县气象局 |
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| 基金项目： | 遵义市气象局青年基金资助项目《遵义地区冰雹预报指标统计分析》(遵气科合QN[2017]02号)。 张云秋1 ,唐海2,陈茜茜3,胡玉娟4 |
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| 摘 要： | 本文利用CIMISS、遵义13个气象站月报表等数据，收集了1961年1月1日至2017年12月31日遵义地区气象站的冰雹、大风和降水情况，从冰雹直径、冰雹时间和空间分布、冰雹与大风的关系、冰雹与降水的关系等方面综合分析了遵义地区冰雹时空分布特征。结果表明：遵义地区降雹以小冰雹为主，发生大冰雹的概率小；降雹持续时间以短时降雹为主，降雹点1日内多次降雹可能性小；降雹日数余庆最多，赤水最少，遵义东部降雹日数最多，中部、西部和北部依次递减，大范围降雹的可能性较小；降雹时间集中在2～5月，其中4月最多，旬分布上看，5月上旬降雹日数最多；遵义地区降雹主要出现在夜间，白天集中在14～20 时；冰雹日数的年际变化和年代际变化总体呈下降的趋势，2011～2020年冰雹日数总和很可能跌破历史极值；降雹点出现大风的可能性较小，但整个遵义地区在同一天内既出现降雹又出现大风的概率高达74.23%；冰雹直径和降雨量之间呈弱的正相关。
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| 关 键 词： | 冰雹直径 冰雹持续时间 大风 |
| 收稿时间： | 2018/2/28 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2018/3/13 0:00:00 |
Temporal - spatial distributions of hail disaster from 1961 to 2017 in Zunyi |
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| Authors: | zhangyunqiu tanghai chenqianxi and huyujuan |
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| Institution: | Zunyi Meteorological Bureau,Meteorological Bureau of Renhuai County,Meteorological Bureau of Yuqing County,Meteorological Bureau of SuiYang County |
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| Abstract: | In this paper, we use the data of CIMISS and Zunyi monthly reports of 13 weather stations to collect the data of hail, gale and precipitation at the weather station of Zunyi from January 1, 1961 to December 31, 2017. From the aspects of hail diameter, hail time and space distribution, the relationship between hail and gale, the relationship between hail and precipitation, the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of hailstone in Zunyi were comprehensively analyzed. The results show that the main hail is small hail in Zunyi, the probability of a big hail is small; the duration of hail is mainly short hail, and hail location less likely to hail several times a day; The number of hail days in Yuqing was the highest, Chishui was the lowest, the largest number of hail days occurred in the eastern part of Zunyi, followed by the central, western and northern parts, there is little likelihood of widespread hail. Hail concentrated in February to May, of which the largest in April, from a ten-day perspective, hail days were highest in early May; hail in Zunyi mainly occurred in the night, concentrated in the daytime at 14 o"clock to 20 o"clock;The annual and interdecadal variations of hail days are generally declining,the sum of hail days from 2011 to 2020 is likely to fall below the historical extreme; Hail and strong winds in the same place are less likely to appear on the same day. However, in the whole area of Zunyi, the probability of occurrence of hail and gale on the same day was as high as 74.23%; the hail diameter and rainfall show a weak positive correlation. |
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| Keywords: | Hail diameter Hail duration Gale |
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