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强雹暴的雷达三体散射统计与个例分析
引用本文:廖玉芳,俞小鼎,吴林林,何彩芬,尹忠海.强雹暴的雷达三体散射统计与个例分析[J].高原气象,2007,26(4):812-820.
作者姓名:廖玉芳  俞小鼎  吴林林  何彩芬  尹忠海
作者单位:1. 湖南省气象局,湖南,长沙,410007
2. 中国气象局培训中心,北京,100081
3. 安徽省气象台,安徽,合肥,230000
4. 宁波市气象局,浙江,宁波,315000
5. 湖南省气象台,湖南,长沙,415000
基金项目:国家自然科学基金面上项目“基于多普勒天气雷达观测的中国超级单体风暴研究”(40575014)资助
摘    要:利用我国各地11次强对流事件中23个产生S波段雷达三体散射的雹暴的新一代天气雷达数据,总计499个三体散射样本资料,综合并详细地讨论了我国S波段多普勒天气雷达三体散射的统计特征,也讨论了将这一现象应用于强冰雹辅助预警的可能性。同时对目前国内S波段雷达所观测到的最典型的三体散射个例从"三体散射回波"出现到消失的全过程进行了仔细分析,结果表明:(1)在最小反射率因子显示阈值为-5 dBz的情况下,产生S波段雷达三体散射的最小反射率因子在60 dBz左右,86%的三体散射长钉(TBSS)出现在反射率因子强度≥63 dBz时;(2)TBSS长度与强反射率因子核心区面积大小及反射率因子核最大强度呈密切的正相关,也就是说,反射率因子核心强度越大,高反射率因子的区域越大,TBSS的长度就越长;(3)TBSS出现的最大高度为12.5 km,最低高度是1.1 km;61%的TBSS出现在3~6 km高度之间,TBSS在4~5 km高度出现次数最多,然后向上、向下减少;TBSS长度≥10 km的出现次数同样以4~5 km高度最多,然后向上、向下迅速减少;(4)TBSS主要在雹暴位于雷达的西半边时出现;(5)雹暴云在不同性质的下垫面上空均能产生雷达TBSS;(6)TBSS的持续时间几乎都超过30 min,其中持续时间在30~60 min的情况居多,还有部分TBSS持续时间超过90 min;(7)在出现TBSS时,几乎所有雹暴都降了2 cm以上的强冰雹,同时80%左右的产生2 cm以上直径冰雹的强雹暴都产生了三体散射,因此TBSS可以作为强冰雹的一辅助预警指标,以有效降低强冰雹预警的虚警率;(8)在产生三体散射的23个强雹暴中,有一半以上是超级单体和准超级单体风暴,超级单体雹暴中的中气旋有利于大冰雹的形成。

关 键 词:S波段天气雷达  三体散射  统计与个例研究  强冰雹预警  超级单体雹暴
文章编号:1000-0534(2007)04-0812-09
修稿时间:2006-05-11

Statistic and Case Studies on Radar Three Body Scattering of Severe Hailstorm
LIAO Yu-fang,YU Xiao-ding,WU Lin-lin,HE Cai-fen,YIN Zhong-hai.Statistic and Case Studies on Radar Three Body Scattering of Severe Hailstorm[J].Plateau Meteorology,2007,26(4):812-820.
Authors:LIAO Yu-fang  YU Xiao-ding  WU Lin-lin  HE Cai-fen  YIN Zhong-hai
Institution:1. Hunan Meteorological Bureau, Changsha 410007, China ; 2. China Meteorological Administration Training Cennter , Beijing 100081, China; 3. Anhui Weather Forecast Office, Hefei 230000, China ; 4. Ningbo Meteorological Bureau, Ningbo 315000, China; 5. Hunan Meteorology Observatory, Changsha 415000, China
Abstract:23 hailstorms that produced three body scattering spike(TBSS) during 11 severe convection events in China were selected to establish 499 TBSS samples,and a statistical study on characteristics of the TBSS based on these samples was conducted.A case study on an outstanding TBSS case was also completed.The result show:(1) for the minimum display threshold of 5 dBz,the minimum reflectivity to produce TBSS is around 60 dBz,86% TBSS cases occur under the condition that the maximum reflectivity is larger than 63 dBz;(2) The length of TBSS has closed correlation with intensity of reflectivity core and the volume of the reflectivity core,the stronger reflectivity core,the larger volume of the reflectivity core,the longer TBSS;(3) the highest and lowest mirror point height of TBSS are 12.5 km and 1.1 km,respectively,with 61% TBSS mirror points between 3~6 km;(4) TBSS mainly occur in the west part of the radar umbrella,that is,the upstream region of the dominant storm-bearing layer average wind;(5) hailstorms can produce TBSS under different underlying surfaces;(6) nearly all TBSS last more than 30 minutes,with the majority lasting 30~60 minutes,some last more than 90 minutes;(7) when TBSS occur,nearly all storms produce hail lager than 2 cm,while 80% of large hail producing storms have TBSS,therefore,the TBSS can be used to aid severe hail warning;(8) among the 23 severe hail storms,about half are supercell storms.
Keywords:S-band Doppler weather radar  Three body scattering  Statistic and case study  Severe hail warning  Supercell hailstorm
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