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城市化对华北地区最高, 最低气温和日较差变化趋势的影响
引用本文:周雅清,任国玉.城市化对华北地区最高, 最低气温和日较差变化趋势的影响[J].高原气象,2009,28(5):1158-1166.
作者姓名:周雅清  任国玉
作者单位:1. 山西省晋中市气象局,山西,晋中,030600;中国气象局,国家气候中心气候研究开放实验室,北京,100081
2. 中国气象局,国家气候中心气候研究开放实验室,北京,100081
基金项目:科技部科技攻关课题,国家自然科学基金 
摘    要:利用华北地区255个一般站和国家基本、 基准站1961\_2000年的实测资料, 经过质量检验和均一性订正后, 将所有台站根据人口和台站地理位置分为5个类别, 分析了这5个类别台站和国家基本、 基准站地面平均气温、 最高、 最低气温的年和季节变化趋势以及城市化影响。结果表明: 华北全部台站的年平均气温、 最高、 最低气温均呈增加趋势, 且以最低气温上升最为明显, 导致年平均日较差呈现明显下降。就城市化影响而言, 平均气温、 最低气温变化趋势中城市热岛效应加强因素的影响明显, 但城市化对最高气温趋势影响微弱, 个别台站和季节甚至可能造成降温。在国家基本、 基准站观测的年平均气温和年平均最低气温上升趋势中, 城市化造成的增温分别为0.11℃·(10a)-1和0.20℃·(10a)-1, 对全部增温的贡献率分别达39.3%和52.6%。各类台站的四季平均气温和最低气温序列中城市化影响均造成增温。城市化增温以冬季为最大, 夏季最小。城市化还导致乡村站以外的各类台站日较差减小, 近40年华北地区国家基本、 基准站年平均和秋、 冬季平均气温日较差明显下降均由城市化影响造成的。

关 键 词:华北  地面气温    气候变化    城市热岛效应    最高气温    最低气温    气温日较差

The Effect of Urbanization on Maximum, Minimum Temperatures and Daily Temperature Range in North China
ZHOU Ya-qing,REN Guo-yu.The Effect of Urbanization on Maximum, Minimum Temperatures and Daily Temperature Range in North China[J].Plateau Meteorology,2009,28(5):1158-1166.
Authors:ZHOU Ya-qing  REN Guo-yu
Abstract:A data set of 255 stations including all of ordinary and national basic/reference climatological stations of North China is used to investigate the influence of enhanced urban heat island effect on the observed surface air temperature records over North China. The stations are classified into five categories according to the population of residential areas near the stations and the meta-data of specific locations of the stations. They are rural, town, middle-size city, big city and metropolis. National stations including national reference and basic stations are as an independent category. The analysis shows that all of the categories undergo a warming in terms of annual mean temperature and annual mean minimum temperature, with the national stations and urban stations experiencing more than average increase in temperature. Little change can be found in annual mean maximum temperature. Urban stations generally witness a significant drop in annual mean diurnal temperature range. Urbanization effect is obviously reflected in annual and seasonal mean surface air temperature trends as obtained from the national stations and urban stations. The urban warming is more significant for annual mean temperature and annual mean minimum temperature for the urban and national stations, with the national stations undergoing an annual urban warming of 0.11℃·(10a)~(-1) and 0.20℃·(10a)~(-1), respectively. The contribution of the annual urban warming to the overall warming as observed from the national stations reaches 39.3% and 52.6%, respectively for annual mean temperature and annual mean minimum temperature. Wintertime registers the largest urban warming for seasonal mean temperature and minimum temperature, and the smallest urban warming is seen in summertime. Annual and seasonal mean daily temperature range of all categories of urban stations and national stations significantly decrease during the time period of 1961-2000, and the decrease is completely attributable to the urbanization effect. The drop of seasonal mean daily temperature range of the national stations for autumn and wintertime during the same period is also entirely caused by the urbanization effect.
Keywords:North China  Surface air temperature  Climate change  Urban heat island  Maximum temperature  Minimum temperature  Daily temperature range
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