Diurnal sea surface temperature variation and its impact on the atmosphere and ocean: A review |
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| Authors: | Yoshimi Kawai Akiyoshi Wada |
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| Institution: | (1) Institute of Observational Research for Global Change, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan;(2) Meteorological Research Institute, Japan Meteorological Agency, Nagamine, Tsukuba 305-0052, Japan |
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| Abstract: | The importance of the diurnal variability of sea surface temperature (SST) on air-sea interaction is now being increasingly
recognized. This review synthesizes knowledge of the diurnal SST variation, mainly paying attention to its impact on the atmosphere
or the ocean. Diurnal SST warming becomes evident when the surface wind is weak and insolation is strong. Recent observations
using satellite data and advanced instruments have revealed that a large diurnal SST rise occurs over wide areas in a specific
season, and in an extreme case the diurnal amplitude of SST exceeds 5 K. The large diurnal SST rise can lead to an increase
in net surface heat flux from the ocean of 50–60 Wm−2 in the daytime. The temporal mean of the increase exceeds 10 Wm−2, which will be non-negligible for the atmosphere. A few numerical experiments have indicated that the diurnal SST variation
can modify atmospheric properties over the Pacific warm pool or a coastal sea, but the processes underlying the modification
have not yet been investigated in detail. Furthermore, it has been shown that the diurnal change of ocean mixing process near
the surface must be considered correctly in order to reproduce SST variations on an intraseasonal scale in a numerical model.
The variation of mixed-layer properties on the daily scale is nonlinearly related to the intraseasonal variability. The mixed-layer
deepening/shoaling process on the daily scale will also be related to biological and material circulation processes. |
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| Keywords: | Sea surface temperature diurnal variation intraseasonal variation air-sea interaction surface flux |
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