Pacific ocean circulation based on observation |
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| Authors: | Masaki Kawabe Shinzou Fujio |
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| Institution: | 1.Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute,The University of Tokyo,Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba,Japan |
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| Abstract: | A thorough understanding of the Pacific Ocean circulation is a necessity to solve global climate and environmental problems.
Here we present a new picture of the circulation by integrating observational results. Lower and Upper Circumpolar Deep Waters
(LCDW, UCDW) and Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) of 12, 7, and 5 Sv (106 m3s−1) in the lower and upper deep layers and the surface/intermediate layer, respectively, are transported to the North Pacific
from the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC). The flow of LCDW separates in the Central Pacific Basin into the western (4
Sv) and eastern (8 Sv) branches, and nearly half of the latter branch is further separated to flow eastward south of the Hawaiian
Ridge into the Northeast Pacific Basin (NEPB). A large portion of LCDW on this southern route (4 Sv) upwells in the southern
and mid-latitude eastern regions of the NEPB. The remaining eastern branch joins nearly half of the western branch; the confluence
flows northward and enters the NEPB along the Aleutian Trench. Most of the LCDW on this northern route (5 Sv) upwells to the
upper deep layer in the northern (in particular northeastern) region of the NEPB and is transformed into North Pacific Deep
Water (NPDW). NPDW shifts southward in the upper deep layer and is modified by mixing with UCDW around the Hawaiian Islands.
The modified NPDW of 13 Sv returns to the ACC. The remaining volume in the North Pacific (11 Sv) flows out to the Indian and
Arctic Oceans in the surface/intermediate layer. |
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