| 烟台近海大型底栖动物群落特征 |
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| 引用本文： | 王全超,李宝泉.烟台近海大型底栖动物群落特征[J].海洋与湖沼,2013,44(6):1667-1676. |
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| 作者姓名： | 王全超 李宝泉 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所,中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目（面上项目，重点项目，重大项目） |
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| 摘 要： | 为了解烟台近岸海域大型底栖动物群落现状，分析群落演替特征，并在此基础上探讨引发群落演替的原因，于2010年4月、8月、11月及2011年3月4个航次（春、夏、秋、冬）对烟台近海大型底栖动物进行周年调查分析。采用优势度指数、物种多样性指数、丰富度指数、均匀度指数、Cluster聚类和MDS排序分析大型底栖动物群落特征，并与历史资料比较分析群落演替情况。结果表明，该海域共采集到大型底栖动物176种，其中多毛类77种，软体动物46种，甲壳动物39种，棘皮动物7种，其他7种。群落中的优势种组成季节性差异较小，基本保持稳定，短叶索沙蚕和不倒翁虫为4个季度共有优势种。烟台近海年平均生物量为16.72 g/m2，以秋季最高，春季最小；年平均丰度为1022 ind/m2，以冬季最高，春季最低。丰富度指数（D）、均匀度指数（J）和多样性指数（H’）的年平均值分别为2.30、0.70和1.91。聚类分析结果表明，大型底栖动物群落结构与底质和水深关系密切，但是由于受到不同类型的环境扰动，大型底栖动物群落呈现斑块状分布。与上世纪90年代相比，群落特征发生了一定程度的变化，表现为物种数下降，群落中优势类群的比例和优势种组成发生了变化，群落中软体动物比例减少，多毛类比例增加。人类活动包括污水排放、养殖和捕捞、港口建设和船舶航运等干扰是导致调查海域大型底栖动物种类组成及数量变化的主要原因。
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| 关 键 词： | 烟台近海，大型底栖动物，群落特征，演替 |
| 收稿时间： | 2013/2/23 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2013/6/17 0:00:00 |
COMMUNITY STRUCTURE OF MACROBENTHOS IN COASTAL WATER OFF YANTAI, EAST CHINA |
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| WANG Quan-Chao and LI Bao-Quan.COMMUNITY STRUCTURE OF MACROBENTHOS IN COASTAL WATER OFF YANTAI, EAST CHINA[J].Oceanologia Et Limnologia Sinica,2013,44(6):1667-1676. |
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| Authors: | WANG Quan-Chao and LI Bao-Quan |
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| Institution: | Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences |
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| Abstract: | To know the current status of macrobenthos community in coastal water of Yantai, and to analyze the community succession as well as the reason lead to the succession, four surveys were conducted in 2010 April (Spring), 2010 August(summmer), 2010 November(Autumn) and 2011 March (Winter). The following indexes and methods were adopted to study the community structure: Dominance index, Diversity index, Richness index, Evenness index, Bray-Curtis similarity and MDS ordination analysis. A total of 176 macrobenthic species were identified in this research region, of which, 77 species were of Polychaeta, 46 were of Mollusk, 39 were of Crustacean, 7 were of Echinodermata, and the rest 7 species were of other benthic groups. Dominant species composition were almost same during four surveys, e. g., Lumbrineris latreilli and Sternaspis scutata were all founded in four seasons. The average value of biomass was 16.72 g/m2, while the average abundance was 1022 ind/m2. The average value of three biodiversity indices were relatively low, Richness index 2.30, Evenness index 0.70 and Shannon-Wiener index 1.91. The analysis of Bray-Curtis similarity cluster and MDS ordination indicated that the community structure of macrobenthos was closely related to sediment type and depth in the study region. Due to different environment disturbance, the macrobenthos showed patchy spatial distribution. Compared to the survey conducted in 1990s, some kind of succession had occurred, namely, the species number increased, and the ratio of dominant group in the community changed by increased Polychate and decreased Mollusk, which might resulted from the disturbance of different anthropogenic actives, including waste discharge, aquaculture and fishing, harbor building and shipping. |
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| Keywords: | coastal water of Yantai Macrobenthos community structure succession |
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