| 砂粒粒径与砂层厚度对单体筐养养殖系统中三疣梭子蟹幼蟹摄食行为与生长特性的影响研究* |
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| 引用本文： | 徐永健,申屠基康,丁张妮.砂粒粒径与砂层厚度对单体筐养养殖系统中三疣梭子蟹幼蟹摄食行为与生长特性的影响研究*[J].海洋与湖沼,2015,46(1). |
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| 作者姓名： | 徐永健 申屠基康 丁张妮 |
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| 作者单位： | 宁波大学海洋学院/应用海洋生物技术教育部重点实验室,宁波大学海洋学院/应用海洋生物技术教育部重点实验室;宁波市海洋与渔业研究院,宁波市海洋与渔业研究院;宁波大学海洋学院/应用海洋生物技术教育部重点实验室 |
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| 基金项目： | 资助,41276123号；宁波市海洋蟹类产业科技创新团队项目资助,2011B81003号。* 通讯作者：徐永健,教授,E-mail: xuyongjiannbu@163.com ,2 丁张妮1 |
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| 摘 要： | 提要 在梭子蟹的单体筐养养殖系统中,试验了生态掩体(砂盒)中不同的砂粒粒径大小以及砂层厚度对梭子蟹幼蟹摄食行为与生长特性的影响。砂粒粒径设三个水平,分别为：>2 mm、<0.2 mm以及混合砂；砂层厚度有0cm、2cm、5cm、8cm四个水平。试验共进行6天,结果表明：砂粒粒径及砂层厚度对梭子蟹幼蟹的摄食与生长都有明显的影响。从砂粒粒径看,幼蟹在细砂(SPS)中挖洞休息,蟹体与砂面呈30-45°角,仅露眼睛及触角在外。一天内有3-6次进食,总进食时间为142.7±22.52 min,在摄食次数、总进食时间、平均摄食量(0.2427±0.0137 g/gBW)、以及脱皮及成活率都远高于其他粒径组,该组中幼蟹的体重增长最快,增加了0.814±0.113 g,增长率为91.5±3.43%；而该组的饵料系数(FCR)最低为1.17±0.11。因此,筐养养殖系统砂掩体的砂粒粒径最好为0.2 mm以下。砂层厚度也有类似结果,5 cm以上厚度养殖效果最佳。平均摄食量为0.2087±0.0046 g/gBW,该厚度下,幼蟹无死亡、100%脱皮,体重也增加最快,增加了0.791±0.121 g,增长率为88.9±3.74%,饵料系数(FCR)达到1.37±0.23,表明筐养系统掩体中砂层厚度要在5 cm以上。三种保护性酶类(SOD, POD, CAT)活性随着砂粒粒径变小和砂层厚度增加而降低,而消化酶类(淀粉酶、蛋白酶、脂酶)活性则表现与保护性酶类相反特性。从两类酶的活性变化也能证实,在优选条件下(细砂、厚度>5 cm),幼蟹所受的胁迫在降低。
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| 关 键 词： | 三疣梭子蟹 单体筐养养殖系统 砂粒粒径 砂层厚度 生长 |
| 收稿时间： | 8/1/2014 12:00:00 AM |
Table 1 Ethogram of Portunus trituberculatus activity patterns |
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| Xu Yongjian,SHentu JIkang and Ding Zhangni.Table 1 Ethogram of Portunus trituberculatus activity patterns[J].Oceanologia Et Limnologia Sinica,2015,46(1). |
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| Authors: | Xu Yongjian SHentu JIkang and Ding Zhangni |
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| Institution: | School of Marine Sciences/ Key Lab of Applied Marine Biotechnology of MOE, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, P. R. China,School of Marine Sciences/ Key Lab of Applied Marine Biotechnology of MOE, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, P. R. China,School of Marine Sciences/ Key Lab of Applied Marine Biotechnology of MOE, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, P. R. China |
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| Abstract: | In the Single-crab Basket-culture (SCBC) system, effect of sand size and depth on feeding behavior and growth characteristics of swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus was investigated under 4 levels respectively, which were LPS (> 2 mm), MPS (50% LPS 50% SPS), SPS (<0.2 mm) and NS of the sand size and 0 cm, 2 cm, 5 cm, 8 cm of the sand depth. The results were shown, the effect of sand size was obvious, the juvenile dag and rest in a sand hole in the SPS, there were 3-6 times of feeding in 24 hours, and a total fed period was 142.7±22.52 min, had a significant difference with those in the other treatments of different sizes in feeding time, total fed period, food ration (0.2427±0.0137 g/gBW), moulting and survival rates. In this treatment, the crab had a best body weight gain (0.814±0.113 g) and rate of gain (91.5±3.43%) and FCR (1.17±0.11). The best sand size in BCSC system was < 0.2 mm. The effect of sand depth was similar to the size, depth of 5 cm and more had a best effect. There were the best of food ration (0.2087±0.0046 g/gBW), no death, 100% moulting rate, and gain of body weight (0.791±0.121 g, 88.9±3.74%) and FCR (1.37±0.23). The best sand depth in BCSC system was >5 cm. The treatments (SPS and > 5 cm depth) also had the lowest activities of protective enzymes (SOD, PO, CAT) and the highest activities of digestive enzymes (Amylase, Protease, Lipase). |
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| Keywords: | swimming crab Single-crab Basket-culture (SCBC) sand size sand depth feeding behavior growth |
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