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| 护滩软体排对潮滩碱蓬湿地修复的影响研究——以江苏条子泥为例 | |
| 引用本文： | 张刚,周曾,陈杰峰,徐晓,曹浩冰,左利钦,潘毅,张长宽.护滩软体排对潮滩碱蓬湿地修复的影响研究——以江苏条子泥为例[J].海洋工程,2023,41(3):74-84. |
| 作者姓名： | 张刚 周曾 陈杰峰 徐晓 曹浩冰 左利钦 潘毅 张长宽 |
| 作者单位： | 1.河海大学 水灾害防御全国重点实验室，江苏 南京 210098 2.河海大学 江苏省海岸海洋资源开发与环境安全重点实验室，江苏 南京 210098 3.江苏省沿海开发集团有限公司，江苏 南京 210003 4.南京水利科学研究院，江苏 南京 210029 |
| 基金项目： | 江苏省碳达峰碳中和科技创新专项（BK20220020）；江苏省优秀青年科学基金项目（BK20200077）；国家自然科学基金面上项目（41976156） |
| 摘 要： | 河口海岸潮滩湿地具有重要的生态服务功能，是近年来国家海岸带保护修复重大工程的重点关注区域。江苏条子泥潮滩湿地是中国黄（渤）海候鸟栖息地（第一期）的重要组成部分，面临着潮滩湿地保护修复和海堤工程维护的统筹协调等问题。护岸工程软体排是河口海岸工程常用的维护措施，但其对潮滩湿地保护和修复的影响尚不清楚。通过野外调查、碱蓬移栽和播种试验，分析了护滩软体排工程临近区域的高程、水动力、沉积物等环境参数对盐地碱蓬（Suaeda salsa）湿地修复的影响。结果表明：1）软体排对潮滩地貌影响明显，软体排内滩面稳定，软体排外亦有掩护效果，两月内促进盐沼植被区高程增量达29 cm，软体排外光滩高程变化剧烈；软体排建造后，海堤附近滩面地形有助于碱蓬植被定植，形成的高滩上移栽碱蓬存活率达55%，而在低处潮滩无法存活。2）碱蓬植被密度和株高受到盐度、高程、中值粒径环境因子的显著影响（P<0.05,P为显著性水平），高程与碱蓬植被密度、株高正相关；盐度和中值粒径与碱蓬植被密度负相关；流速与碱蓬植被密度负相关；有效波高与碱蓬株高负相关。研究结果可为潮滩软体排护滩工程的实施、碱蓬盐沼植被定植机理和生态修复提供科... |
| 关 键 词： | 护滩工程 潮滩 碱蓬湿地 软体排 生态修复 海岸工程 江苏条子泥 |
| 收稿时间： | 2022/8/17 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2023/5/31 0:00:00 |
Effects of soft mattress on |
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| ZHANG Gang,ZHOU Zeng,CHEN Jiefeng,XU Xiao,CAO Haobing,ZUO Liqin,PAN Yi,ZHANG Changkuan.Effects of soft mattress on |
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| Authors: | ZHANG Gang ZHOU Zeng CHEN Jiefeng XU Xiao CAO Haobing ZUO Liqin PAN Yi ZHANG Changkuan |
| Abstract: | Tidal wetlands deliver important ecological services, yet are increasingly exposed to anthropogenic impacts of coastal engineering. Jiangsu Tiaozini mud tidal flat is an important part of Migratory Bird Sanctuaries along the Coast of the Yellow(Bohai) Sea, To be able to improve the success of coastal protection and restoration projects, sufficient knowledge on how engineering works would affect saltmarsh is urgently needed. Taking Jiangsu Tiaozini tidal wetland as an example, the effects of soft mattress, a generally applied approach for coastal engineering, on the restoration of Suaeda salsa saltmarsh were studied. By manipulating a seed sowing experiment, a transplantation experiment and field survey, several investigations including elevation hydrodynamics, sediment and vegetation were carried out, then how the presence of soft matteress would impact local changes of elevation, hydrodynamics, sediment and how these enviromental parameters would impact S. salsa saltmarsh restoration practice were analyzed. The results show that: (1) The presence of soft mattress stabilized its adjacent tidal flat and promoted an increase of elevation in the saltmarsh by 29 cm in two months. Such stabilization effects were observed after the establishment of soft mattress to enhance the colonization of S. salsa, with the survival rate of S. salsa transplants reaching 55% in the high elevation. (2) S. salsa density and plant height were significantly affected by salinity, elevation and median particle size (P<0.05, P is the significance level). Specially, elevation was positively correlated with S. salsa density and plant height, salinity and median particle size were negatively correlated with S. salsa density, flow velocity was negatively correlated with S. salsa density, and effective wave height was negatively correlated with S. salsa density. The present results provide a scientific basis for the restoration of S. salsa wetland and have important implications for improvement of soft mattress implementation and utilization. |
| Keywords: | shoal protection project: tidal flat wetland soft mattress ecological restoration coastal engineering Jiangsu Tiaozini wetlands |
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