Vertically migrating micronekton and macrozooplankton communities around Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands |
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| Institution: | 1. Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1000 Pope Road, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA;2. Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), 2570 Dole Street, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA;1. Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 406-840, South Korea;2. Department of Ocean Sciences, Inha University, Incheon 402-751, South Korea;3. Department of Earth Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden;1. Pelagic Ecology Research Group, Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews, KY16 8LB United Kingdom;2. Centre for Marine Futures, The UWA Oceans Institute, The University of Western Australia, UWA (M470), Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009 Australia;3. Oxford Natural History Museum, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PW, United Kingdom;4. University of Oxford, Department of Zoology, The Tinbergen Building, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, United Kingdom;5. Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent?s Park, London NW1 4RY, United Kingdom;1. North Pacific Marine Science Organization, c/o Institute of Ocean Sciences, 9860 West Saanich Road, Patricia Bay, B.C., Canada;2. National Marine Fisheries Service, Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, NOAA Inouye Regional Center (IRC), 1845 Wasp Boulevard, Building 176, Honolulu, HI 96818, United States;3. Salmoforsk International, Victoria, B.C., Canada;1. Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2207 Main Mall, Vancouver, B.C., Canada V6T1Z4;2. Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, B.C., Canada V6T1Z4;3. PO Box 22491, San Diego, CA 92192, USA;4. Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanography and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), 1845 Wasp Blvd, Bldg. 176, Honolulu, HI 96818, USA;5. Fish Ecology Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Newport, OR 97365, USA;1. Institut de Ciències del Mar (CSIC), Passeig Marítim, 37-49, Barcelona 08003, Spain;2. Iziko – South African Museum, Cape Town, South Africa;3. MA-RE Institute, University of Cape Town, South Africa;1. Department of Oceanography, Texas A&M University, MS 3146, College Station, TX, USA;2. Lighthouse R&D LLC, Muscat, Oman;3. Marine Science and Fisheries Centre, Muscat, Oman |
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| Abstract: | The distribution, biomass, and assemblages of vertically migrating micronekton/macrozooplankton were studied in relation to oceanographic conditions around Guam and the adjacent Northern Mariana Islands during Spring 2010, using 3-m2 Isaacs-Kidd Midwater Trawl (IKMT). The study area was located within the oligotrophic waters of the westward flowing North Equatorial Current (NEC). However, southern stations of the survey were situated close to the northern boundary of the more productive North Equatorial Countercurrent (NECC), where we observed the highest biomass, abundance, species richness, and diversity of pelagic organisms. Overall, we recorded 85 species from 20 families of mostly mesopelagic species in the area, with lanternfishes (Myctophidae—40 species) and dragonfishes (Stomiidae—18 species) being the most taxonomically diverse groups. Three genera of mesopelagic shrimps, Sergestes, Janicella and Sergia, dominated the decapod crustacean component of the micronekton community numerically and by biomass, while the contribution from cephalopods was relatively minor. Assemblages of major micronekton/macrozooplankton groups, based on biomass and abundance showed principal changes with latitude. However, the classification and ordination analysis, based on taxonomically resolved taxa (fishes and decapod shrimps), indicated additional zonal variation, with areas east and west of the island chain showing different community structure. The mean total micronekton biomass for the area near the productive boundary region between the NEC and NECC was 5.8 mg/m3, with a mean biomass of 1.2 mg/m3 obtained for stations in the oligotrophic NEC area. The corresponding biomass of mesopelagic fishes was 0.88 mg/m3 and 0.24 mg/m3 for these two areas, respectively. We reviewed and compared the available information on the quantitative distribution of midwater fish biomass in the western tropical Pacific and outlined major patterns of variation in the equatorial Pacific in general. |
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