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New metrics for managing and sustaining the ocean's bounty |
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| Authors: | Heather Tallis Sarah E LesterMary Ruckelshaus Mark PlummerKaren McLeod Anne GuerrySandy Andelman Margaret R CaldwellMarc Conte Stephen CoppsDavid Fox Rod FujitaSteven D Gaines Guy GelfenbaumBarry Gold Peter KareivaChoong-ki Kim Kai LeeMichael Papenfus Scott RedmanBrian Silliman Lisa WaingerCrow White |
| Institution: | a The Natural Capital Project, Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University, 371 Serra Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA b Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93016, USA c NOAA Fisheries, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, 2725 Montlake Blvd. E., Seattle, WA 98112, USA d Oregon State University, COMPASS, Department of Zoology, Corvallis, OR 97331-2914, USA e Conservation International, 2011 Crystal Drive, Suite 500, Arlington, VA 22202, USA f Center for Ocean Solutions, Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA g National Marine Fisheries Service, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115, USA h Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, Marine Resources Program, 2040 Southeast Marine Science Dr., Newport, OR 97365, USA i Environmental Defense Fund, 123 Mission St. 28th Floor, San Francisco, CA 94105, USA j Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA k United States Geological Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd. MS 999, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA l Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, 1661 Page Mill Rd., Palo Alto, CA 94304-1209, USA m The Nature Conservancy, 4722 Latona Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98105, USA n David and Lucile Packard Foundation, 300 Second St., Los Altos, CA 94022, USA o Puget Sound Partnership, P.O. Box 40900, Olympia, WA 98504, USA p Department of Biology, University of Florida, P.O. Box 118525, Gainesville, FL 32612, USA q Center for Environmental Science, University of Maryland, 1 Williams St., Solomons, MD 20688, USA |
| Abstract: | Policies are arising around the world, most recently in the United States, that mandate the implementation of marine spatial planning as a practical pathway towards ecosystem-based management. In the new United States ocean policy, and several other cases around the globe, ecosystem services are at the core of marine spatial planning, but there is little guidance on how ecosystem services should be measured, making it hard to implement this new approach. A new framework is shown here for practical, rigorous ecosystem service measurement that highlights contributions from both natural and social systems. The novel three-step framework addresses traditional shortcomings of an ecosystem services approach by giving managers and scientists the tools to assess and track: (1) the condition of the ecosystem (supply metrics), (2) the amount of ocean resources actually used or enjoyed by people (service metrics), and (3) people's preference for that level of service (value metrics). This framework will allow real world progress on marine spatial planning to happen quickly, and with a greater chance for success. |
| Keywords: | Integrated ecosystem assessment Marine spatial planning Ecosystem services Monitoring |
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