Marine reserve establishment and on-going management costs: A case study from New Zealand |
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| Institution: | 1. Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China;2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;3. Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Guiyang, Guizhou 550002, China;4. MWMC Research Group, School of energy resources, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China;5. Research Institute, China National Offshore Oil Corporation, Beijing 100027, China;6. ConocoPhillips School of Geology and Geophysics, University of Oklahoma, Norman 73019, USA |
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| Abstract: | While there is considerable international research focused on the conservation outcomes of marine protected areas (MPAs) and marine reserves (MRs) there is little information on the economic cost to establish and manage these protected areas. This study estimated the MR pre-establishment and establishment costs for the Taputeranga Marine Reserve (TMR) in New Zealand (NZ) and determined the annual management costs for this reserve and four further NZ MRs. Finally, the cost to local rock lobster fishers resulting from the displaced fishing effort once the TMR had been established was estimated. This research found that the TMR pre-establishment cost was approximately NZ$508,000, and the establishment process cost was approximately NZ$353,000. The annual management costs across the five reserves ranged between NZ$43,200 and NZ$112,500 between 2008/09 and 2010/11. The annual fishers displacement cost at TMR was approximately NZ$22,000 per annum. This research showed that on a unit area basis, small MRs in NZ are just as expensive to maintain as large MRs. This study also highlighted how volunteer effort helped to considerably reduce the monetary cost of the MR pre-establishment process. This research increases our understanding of establishment and management costs, and supports future planning of MRs both within NZ and internationally. |
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| Keywords: | Marine reserve (MRs) Marine protected areas (MPAs) Conservation cost Fishing displacement Marine management Pre-establishment cost |
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