Rights and ownership in sea country: implications of marine renewable energy for indigenous and local communities |
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| Institution: | 1. Heriot-Watt University, Orkney, KW16 3BZ, United Kingdom;2. Acadia University, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, Canada;3. College of Law, Australian National University, 5 Fellows Road, Acton ACT 2601, Australia;1. Ghent University, Faculty of Sciences, Marine Biology Research Group, Krijgslaan 281 – S8, 9000 Gent, Belgium;2. Ghent University, Faculty of Law, Department of European, Public and International Law, Maritime Institute, Universiteitstraat 6, 9000 Gent, Belgium;3. Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Operational Directorate Natural Environment, Marine Ecology and Management, Gulledelle 100, 1200 Brussels, Belgium;1. University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Institute of Landscape Development, Recreation and Conservation Planning, Peter Jordan Straße 82, 1190 Vienna, Austria;2. Simon Fraser University, School of Resource and Environmental Management (REM), 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, B.C. V5A 1S6, Canada;1. Institute for Sustainable Development and International Relations (IDDRI), Sciences Po, Paris 75337 Cedex 07, France;2. Australian National University, Canberra 0200, Australia;3. University College Cork, Corcaigh, Ireland;4. Plymouth University, Devon PL4 8AA, UK;5. Université de Nantes, Nantes 44300, France;6. University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu 80130, Finland;7. University of the Pacific, California, CA 95211, US;8. Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid 28911, Spain;9. Cranfield University, Cranfield MK43 0AL, UK;10. Heriot-Watt University, Orkney KW16 3BZ, UK |
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| Abstract: | The adoption of UN Convention of the Law of the Sea in 1982 created optimism for indigenous peoples and marginalised coastal communities that they may (re)gain control of, or improve access to, marine resources. However concerns were also raised that opening the seas to industrial development might create threats for traditional users of the sea. Twenty-five years later the potential enclosure of large areas of coastal seas to marine renewable energy development is reigniting debates about marine governance, access and control over marine resources. Case studies in Scotland, Canada, New Zealand and Australia reveal a dynamic tension between: an economic development ‘blue growth’ agenda requiring the creation of private rights in the sea; and socio-political drivers which seek to address historic injustices and increase access to natural resources by indigenous and marginalised coastal communities. As yet there is little evidence of this tension being adequately addressed by emerging institutional frameworks for managing marine resources. |
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| Keywords: | Blue growth Marine renewable energy Marine governance Marine planning Indigenous marine rights |
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