Estimating the potential impact of entry fees for marine parks on dive tourism in South East Asia |
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| Institution: | 1. CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research, Dutton Park, Queensland, Australia;2. School of Economics and Finance, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia;3. Australian Centre for Tropical and Freshwater Research, James Cook University Townsville, Queensland, Australia;4. University of Aberdeen, Scotland, UK;5. NOAA Coral Reef Watch, Townsville, Australia;6. School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia;7. CORAL Indonesia, Renon Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia;8. Faculty of Maritime Studies and Marine Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia;9. ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Queensland, Australia;10. Prince of Songkla University, Thailand;11. Economics and Social Analysis Division, National Marine Fisheries Service, Silver Springs, MD, USA;12. NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program, Silver Springs, MD, USA;13. Macquarie University, NSW, Australia;1. Rosenstiel School of Marine & Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149, USA;2. Individual Research Consultant;1. School of Geography and Geosciences, Irvine Building, University of St Andrews, Scotland, UK;2. School of Biology, Harold Mitchell Building, University of St Andrews, Scotland, UK;1. Istituto per l’Ambiente Marino Costiero, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via L. Vaccara, Mazara del Vallo 61-91026, Italy;2. National Center for Scientific Research, CRIOBE, USR 3278CNRS-EPHE-UPVD, 66860 Perpignan, France;3. Laboratoire d''Excellence CORAIL, France;4. Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, FRE 3729 ECOMERS, Parc Valrose 28, Avenue Valrose, 06108 Nice, France;5. CoNISMa (Interuniversitary National Consortium for Marine Sciences), Rome, Italy;1. TREES – Tourism Research in Economic Environs and Society, North-West University, 11 Hoffman Street, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa;2. Studio Associato GAIA s.n.c., Via Brigata Liguria 1/9 Scala A, 16121, Genova, Italy;3. Department of Life Environment Sciences (DiSVA), Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy;4. UBICA s.r.l., Via S. Siro 6/1, 16124, Genova, Italy |
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| Abstract: | Marine reserves are increasingly being established as a mechanism to protect marine biodiversity and sensitive habitats. As well as providing conservation benefits, marine reserves provide benefits to recreational scuba divers who dive within the reserve, as well as to recreational and commercial fishers outside the reserve through spill-over effects. To ensure benefits are being realised, management of marine reserves requires ongoing monitoring and surveillance. These are not costless, and many marine reserve managers impose an entry fee. In some countries, dive tourism is major income source to coastal industries, and a concern is that high entry fees may dissuade divers. In this paper, the price elasticity of demand for dive tourism in three countries in South East Asia – Indonesia, Thailand and Malaysia – is estimated using a travel-cost model. From the model, the total non-market use value associated with diving in the area is estimated to be in the order of US$4.5 billion a year. The price elasticity of demand in the region is highly inelastic, such that increasing the cost of diving through a management levy would have little impact on total diver numbers. |
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| Keywords: | Coral reef management Non-market valuation Travel cost model Entry fee |
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