The Convention on Biological Diversity's Ecologically or Biologically Significant Areas: Origins,development, and current status |
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| Institution: | 1. Marine Geospatial Ecology Lab, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA;2. Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies, Potsdam, Germany;3. CSIRO Wealth from Oceans Flagship, Hobart, TAS, Australia;4. Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia;5. IUCN Global Marine and Polar Programme, Paris, France & Cambridge, MA, USA;6. Global Ocean Biodiversity Initiative Secretariat, Seascape Consultants Ltd., Romsey, United Kingdom;7. Department of Biometry and Environmental System Analysis Tennenbacher Straße 4, D - 79106 Freiburg;8. BirdLife International, Cambridge, United Kingdom;9. Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Ottawa, Canada;10. German Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Isle of Vilm, Germany;11. United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre, Cambridge, UK;12. CESAB (Centre de Synthèse et d''Analyse sur la Biodiversité), Immeuble Henri Poincaré, Domaine du Petit Arbois, Avenue Louis Philibert, 13857 Aix-en-Provence cedex 3, France;1. Institute for Sustainable Development and International relations (IDDRI), 27 rue Saint-Guillaume, 75337 Paris Cedex 07, France;2. Currently Commonwealth Secretariat, Previously Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS);3. International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN);4. Globelaw;1. Ministero dell’Ambiente e della Tutela del Territorio e del Mare (MATTM), Via Cristoforo Colombo 44, 00147, Roma, Italy;2. ISPRA, Institute for Environmental Protection and Research, S.T.S. Palermo, Lungomare Cristoforo Colombo, 4521 (Ex Complesso Roosevelt) Località Addaura, 90149, Palermo, Italy;3. ISPRA, Institute for Environmental Protection and Research, Laboratorio di ittiologia ed ecologia marina, Via dei Mille 44, 98057, Milazzo, ME, Italy;4. ISPRA, Institute for Environmental Protection and Research, III Dipartimento Tutela degli Habitat e della Biodiversità Marina, Via Vitaliano Brancati 60, 00144, Roma, Italy;1. Institute for Coastal and Marine Research, PO Box 77000, Nelson Mandela University, Gqeberha, 6031, South Africa;2. Oceans and Coasts, Department of Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment, Cape Town, South Africa;3. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Kirstenbosch Research Centre, Private Bag X7, Claremont, 7735, South Africa;1. Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), BIO-CIT, Via dei Mille, 46, 98057, Milazzo (ME), Italy;2. Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), BIO-CIT, Lungomare Cristoforo Colombo n. 4521 (ex complesso Roosevelt) Località Addaura, 90149, Palermo, Italy;3. Ministero dell’Ambiente e della Tutela del Territorio e del Mare (MATTM), Via Cristoforo Colombo 44, 00147, Rome, Italy;4. Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), BIO-HBT, Via Vitaliano Brancati 48, 00144, Rome, Italy;5. Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e Geofisica Sperimentale (OGS), Via Auguste Piccard, 54, 34151, Trieste, Italy;6. IFREMER, ZI Furiani, 20600, Bastia, France;7. Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn Napoli, Villa Comunale, 80121, Napoli, Italy;1. Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia;2. School of Environmental Studies, University of Victoria, David Turpin Building, Room B250, PO Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, BC, Canada V8W 3R4;3. Stanford University, Hopkins Marine Station, 120 Oceanview Blvd, Pacific Grove, CA 93950, USA;4. Marine Conservation Institute, 4010 Stone Way N, Suite 210, Seattle, WA 98103, USA;5. Marine Geospatial Ecology Lab, Duke University, Beaufort, NC 28516, USA;6. CSIRO Wealth from Oceans Flagship, GPO Box 1538, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia;7. Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia;8. Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies, Berliner Str. 30, 14467 Potsdam, Germany;9. IUCN Global Marine and Polar Programme and World Commission on Protected Areas, 105 Irving Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA;10. The Nature Conservancy, Conservation Science, West End, QLD 4101, Australia;11. Department of Geography, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John''s, NL, Canada A1B 3X9;12. Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMR 212 EME (IRD/Ifremer/Univ. Montpellier II), Avenue Jean Monnet, 34203 Sète cedex, France |
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| Abstract: | In 2008, the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) adopted seven criteria to identify Ecologically or Biologically Significant Areas (EBSAs) “…in need of protection, in open ocean waters and deep sea habitats”. This paper reviews the history of the development of the “EBSA process”, which was originally driven by the commitment to establish marine protected areas in areas beyond national jurisdiction, but which has since broadened to encompass the possibility of informing marine spatial planning and other activities, both within and beyond national jurisdiction. Additionally, the paper summarizes ongoing efforts through CBD regional workshops to describe EBSAs and the development of the EBSA Repository, where information on these areas is to be stored. The overlap between the EBSA criteria and biodiversity criteria suites used by various authorities in areas beyond national jurisdiction is illustrated. The EBSA process has reached a critical juncture, whereby a large percentage of the global ocean has been considered by the regional workshops, but the procedure by which these areas can be incorporated into formal management structures has not yet been fully developed. Emerging difficulties regarding the mandate to describe, identify, endorse, or adopt EBSAs, are discussed. |
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| Keywords: | Convention on Biological Diversity Ecologically or Biologically Significant Areas EBSA Marine Protected Areas Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction High Seas |
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