A review of sustainable sea-transport for Oceania: Providing context for renewable energy shipping for the Pacific |
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| Institution: | 1. University of the South Pacific and Sailing for Sustainability Trust, School of Economics, Laucala Bay, Suva, Fiji;2. School of Economics, University of the South Pacific, Laucala Bay, Suva, Fiji;3. School of Marine Studies, University of the South Pacific, Laucala Bay, Suva, Fiji;4. Climate Change, University of the South Pacific, Laucala Bay, Suva, Fiji;1. Isabelle Rojon, Fathom Shipping, 27 Sheet Street, Windsor, Berkshire SL4 1BN, United Kingdom;2. Copernicus Institute for Sustainable Development and Innovation, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 2, 3508 TC Utrecht, The Netherlands;1. Marine Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026, China;2. Institute of Green Energy for Ships and Marine Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026, China;3. School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 5AH, Northern Ireland, UK;4. Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland;1. Sustainable Gas Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 1NA, UK;2. Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, UK;3. Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College London, London SW71 NE, UK;4. E4tech, 83 Victoria St, Westminster, London SW1H 0HW, UK;5. Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, SW7 2BP, UK;1. Faculty of Science, Technology and Environment, The University of the South Pacific, Laucala Campus, Suva, Fiji;2. College of Engineering, Science and Technology, Fiji National University, P. O. Box 7222, Nasinu, Fiji;1. Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hongkong Polytechnic University, Hongkong SAR, China;2. Department of Technology and Innovation, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark |
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| Abstract: | This paper summarises research and options for sustainable sea transport in Oceania with a focus on domestic shipping. This debate is situated initially within the context of the current Pacific domestic shipping scenario, a region of minute economies connected by some of the longest sea transport routes in the world. All current options are fossil fuel powered and increasingly uneconomic and unsustainable. Many routes are marginal or unviable and a vicious cycle of old ships replaced with old ships prevails. Although a central and essential issue of many Pacific communities, the option of pursuing sustainable sea transport is currently invisible within the policy space at all levels. Various renewable energy options are possible and increasingly available. Recent research finds that these have strong potential for providing benefits across multiple wellbeings. The barriers to pursing this agenda are complex and poorly understood but are perceptual and institutional more than technological. A small number of critical experiments during the last oil crisis provide critical lessons and direction. |
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| Keywords: | Sea transport Pacific Renewable energy Sustainable shipping |
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