| 渤海西北岸填海造陆的生态损失及其对海岸带可持续发展的启示 |
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| 引用本文： | 朱高儒,许学工,王辉,李拓宇,冯喆.渤海西北岸填海造陆的生态损失及其对海岸带可持续发展的启示[J].海洋学报(英文版),2017,36(4):97-104. |
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| 作者姓名： | 朱高儒 许学工 王辉 李拓宇 冯喆 |
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| 作者单位： | 交通运输部规划研究院, 北京 100028, 中国;北京大学城市与环境学院 & 地表过程分析与模拟教育部重点实验室, 北京 100871, 中国,北京大学城市与环境学院 & 地表过程分析与模拟教育部重点实验室, 北京 100871, 中国,北京大学城市与环境学院 & 地表过程分析与模拟教育部重点实验室, 北京 100871, 中国;中国科学院长春地理与农业生态研究所, 长春 130012, 中国,首都师范大学学报编辑部, 北京 100037, 中国,北京大学城市与环境学院 & 地表过程分析与模拟教育部重点实验室, 北京 100871, 中国;中国地质大学土地科学与技术学院, 北京 100083, 中国 |
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| 摘 要： | 填海造陆已经成为全球沿海地区缓解土地短缺、促进社会发展和经济增长的重要手段。随着快速工业化和城市化过程,亚洲已经成为填海造陆的中心。从天津滨海新区到唐山曹妃甸新区,在渤海西北岸正在进行的填海工程其规模在世界上名列前茅。为了剖析海岸带发展的环境因素并促进其可持续发展,对渤海西北岸填海造陆的生态损失采取了回顾性和预测性评价,从生态系统服务角度货币化计算了供给、调节、支持、文化四大类10个方面的生态损失。结果表明：2000-2010年填海造陆的生态损失为9.719亿美元,2010-2020年新增填海造陆的生态损失将达7.021亿美元,其中气体调节和水产品供应方面的损失最大。针对填海造陆可持续发展,提出相关建议,包括：在综合评估基础上的合理规划;减少填海造陆面积;优化填海区土地结构;采用“低影响”开发模式填海;采用生态补偿机制,等。
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| 关 键 词： | 海岸带 填海造陆 生态服务功能 损失评价 渤海湾 中国 |
| 收稿时间： | 2015/12/19 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2016/5/5 0:00:00 |
The ecological cost of land reclamation and its enlightenment to coast sustainable development in the northwestern Bohai Bay, China |
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| ZHU Gaoru,XU Xuegong,WANG Hui,LI Tuoyu and FENG Zhe.The ecological cost of land reclamation and its enlightenment to coast sustainable development in the northwestern Bohai Bay, China[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,2017,36(4):97-104. |
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| Authors: | ZHU Gaoru XU Xuegong WANG Hui LI Tuoyu and FENG Zhe |
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| Institution: | Transport Planning and Research Institute, Ministry of Transport, Beijing 100028, China;College of Urban and Environmental Sciences & amp;Laboratory for Earth Surface Process of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China,College of Urban and Environmental Sciences & amp;Laboratory for Earth Surface Process of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China,College of Urban and Environmental Sciences & amp;Laboratory for Earth Surface Process of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;Northeast Institute of Geography and Agricultural Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130012, China,The Editorial Department of Journal of Capital Normal University, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100037, China and College of Urban and Environmental Sciences & amp;Laboratory for Earth Surface Process of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;School of Land Science and Technology, China University of Geoscience, Beijing 100083, China |
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| Abstract: | Land has been widely reclaimed in large area in coastal zones all over the world to relieve the pressure of land shortage, promoting social development and economic growth. Asia has become a focus of land reclamation with the rapid industrialization and urbanization. From the Binhai New Area of Tianjin to the Caofeidian New Area of Tangshan, the undergoing project of land reclamation on the northwest coast of Bohai Bay, China, is the largest in the world. To clarify the environmental issues and benefit sustainable development of the coastal zone, we conducted both retrospective and predictive assessments of the ecological cost caused by land reclamation on the northwest coast of Bohai Bay, China. We calculated the ecological costs of ten aspects of the four ecosystem services, i.e., supply, regulation, support and culture, with the monetary estimate approach. The results indicate that the ecological cost of the new land reclamation is US$971.9 million from 2000 to 2010 and that the cost will be US$702.1 million from 2010 to 2020. The costs of gas regulation and marine food supply account for the greatest parts of the total value. Suggestions for land reclamation oriented to sustainable development in the study area are put forward, including a rational planning based on the comprehensive evaluation, reducing the amount of land reclamation area, optimizing the structure of the reclaimed land, reclaiming land with the concept of "low impact development" and implementing ecological compensation mechanisms, etc. |
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| Keywords: | coastal zone land reclamation ecosystem service cost valuation Bohai Bay China |
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