| Sea-surface acoustic backscattering measurement at 6–25 kHz in the Yellow Sea |
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| 引用本文： | 戚乐华,阚光明,刘保华,裴彦良,杨志国,于盛齐.Sea-surface acoustic backscattering measurement at 6–25 kHz in the Yellow Sea[J].海洋学报(英文版),2020,39(3):113-122. |
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| 作者姓名： | 戚乐华 阚光明 刘保华 裴彦良 杨志国 于盛齐 |
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| 作者单位： | 海洋地球科学学院, 中国海洋大学, 青岛, 266100, 中国;海洋沉积与环境地质重点实验室, 自然资源部第一海洋研究所, 青岛, 266061, 中国,海洋地质过程与环境功能实验室, 青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室, 青岛, 266237, 中国;海洋沉积与环境地质重点实验室, 自然资源部第一海洋研究所, 青岛, 266061, 中国,海洋地质过程与环境功能实验室, 青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室, 青岛, 266237, 中国;国家深海基地管理中心, 青岛, 266237, 中国,海洋地质过程与环境功能实验室, 青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室, 青岛, 266237, 中国;海洋沉积与环境地质重点实验室, 自然资源部第一海洋研究所, 青岛, 266061, 中国,海洋地质过程与环境功能实验室, 青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室, 青岛, 266237, 中国;国家深海基地管理中心, 青岛, 266237, 中国,海洋地质过程与环境功能实验室, 青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室, 青岛, 266237, 中国;国家深海基地管理中心, 青岛, 266237, 中国 |
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| 基金项目： | The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 41330965 and 41527809; the Opening Fund of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology under contract No. QNLM2016ORP0209; the Taishan Scholar Project Funding under contract No. tspd20161007. |
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| 摘 要： | Sea-surface acoustic backscattering measurements at moderate to high frequencies were performed in the shallow water of the south Yellow Sea, using omnidirectional spherical sources and omnidirectional hydrophones. Sea-surface backscattering data for frequencies in the 6–25 k Hz range and wind speeds of(3.0±0.5)and(4.5±1.0) m/s were obtained from two adjacent experimental sites, respectively. Computation of sea-surface backscattering strength using bistatic transducer is described. Finally, we calculated sea-surface backscattering strengths at grazing angles in the range of 16°–85°. We find that the measured backscattering strengths agree reasonably well with those predicted by using second order small-roughness perturbation approximation method with "PM" roughness spectrum for all frequencies at grazing angles ranged from 40° to 80°. The backscattering strengths varied slightly at grazing angles of 16°–40°, and were much stronger than roughness scattering. It is speculated that scattering from bubbles dominates the backscattering strengths at high wind speeds and small grazing angles. At the same frequencies and moderate to high grazing angles, the results show that the backscattering strengths at a wind speed of(4.5±1.0) m/s were approximately 5 d B higher than those at a wind speed of(3.0±0.5) m/s. However, the discrepancies of backscattering strength at low grazing angles were more than 10 d B. Furthermore the backscattering strengths exhibited no significant frequency dependence at 3 m/s wind speed. At a wind speed of 4.5 m/s, the scattering strengths increased at low grazing angles but decreased at high grazing angles with increasing grazing angle.
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| 关 键 词： | SEA-SURFACE acoustic SCATTERING moderate FREQUENCY SCATTERING model BISTATIC BACKSCATTERING FREQUENCY dependence |
| 收稿时间： | 2018/10/29 0:00:00 |
Sea-surface acoustic backscattering measurement at 6–25 kHz in the Yellow Sea |
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| Qi,Lehua,Kan,Guangming,Liu,Baohua,Pei,Yanliang,Yang,Zhiguo,Yu,Shengqi.Sea-surface acoustic backscattering measurement at 6–25 kHz in the Yellow Sea[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,2020,39(3):113-122. |
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| Authors: | Qi Lehua Kan Guangming Liu Baohua Pei Yanliang Yang Zhiguo Yu Shengqi |
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| Institution: | 1.College of Marine Geo-sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China2.Laboratory for Marine Geology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China3.Key Laboratory of Marine Sedimentology and Environmental Geology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China4.National Deep Sea Center, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao 266237, China |
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| Abstract: | Sea-surface acoustic backscattering measurements at moderate to high frequencies were performed in the shallow water of the south Yellow Sea, using omnidirectional spherical sources and omnidirectional hydrophones. Sea-surface backscattering data for frequencies in the 6-25 kHz range and wind speeds of (3.0±0.5) and (4.5±1.0) m/s were obtained from two adjacent experimental sites, respectively. Computation of sea-surface backscattering strength using bistatic transducer is described. Finally, we calculated sea-surface backscattering strengths at grazing angles in the range of 16°-85°. We find that the measured backscattering strengths agree reasonably well with those predicted by using second order small-roughness perturbation approximation method with "PM" roughness spectrum for all frequencies at grazing angles ranged from 40° to 80°. The backscattering strengths varied slightly at grazing angles of 16°-40°, and were much stronger than roughness scattering. It is speculated that scattering from bubbles dominates the backscattering strengths at high wind speeds and small grazing angles. At the same frequencies and moderate to high grazing angles, the results show that the backscattering strengths at a wind speed of (4.5±1.0) m/s were approximately 5 dB higher than those at a wind speed of (3.0±0.5) m/s. However, the discrepancies of backscattering strength at low grazing angles were more than 10 dB. Furthermore the backscattering strengths exhibited no significant frequency dependence at 3 m/s wind speed. At a wind speed of 4.5 m/s, the scattering strengths increased at low grazing angles but decreased at high grazing angles with increasing grazing angle. |
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| Keywords: | sea-surface acoustic scattering moderate frequency scattering model bistatic backscattering frequency dependence |
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