| Biomineralization of organic matter in cobalt-rich crusts from the Marcus–Wake Seamounts of the western Pacific Ocean |
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| 引用本文： | 赵军,张海生,武光海,卢冰,PULYAEVAIrinaA,张海峰,庞雪辉.Biomineralization of organic matter in cobalt-rich crusts from the Marcus–Wake Seamounts of the western Pacific Ocean[J].海洋学报(英文版),2014,33(12):67-74. |
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| 作者姓名： | 赵军 张海生 武光海 卢冰 PULYAEVAIrinaA 张海峰 庞雪辉 |
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| 作者单位： | 国家海洋局第二海洋研究所 国家海洋局海洋生态系统与生物地球化学重点实验室, 杭州 310012;国家海洋局第二海洋研究所 国家海洋局海洋生态系统与生物地球化学重点实验室, 杭州 310012;国家海洋局第二海洋研究所 国家海洋局海洋生态系统与生物地球化学重点实验室, 杭州 310012;国家海洋局第二海洋研究所 国家海洋局海洋生态系统与生物地球化学重点实验室, 杭州 310012;State Scientific Centre Yuzhmorgeologia, Gelendzhik 353461, Russia;国家海洋局第二海洋研究所 国家海洋局海洋生态系统与生物地球化学重点实验室, 杭州 310012;济南大学化学化工学院, 济南 250022 |
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| 基金项目： | The National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) under contract Nos 41076072 and 40676025; the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation under contract No. ZR2011EMQ010. |
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| 摘 要： | Organic matter in cobalt-rich crust(CRC) from the Marcus–Wake Seamounts of the western Pacific Ocean, Sample CM1D03, has been analyzed to understand the source, geochemistry and mineralization of organic matter, and the mineralization environment. Biomarkers, including n-alkanes, isoprenoids, terpanes and sterols, have been detected in various layers of the CRC sample, using gas chromatography(GC) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry(GC–MS). The content of organic carbon(OC) and its stable isotope(δ13C), and the combined features of the biomarkers show that the mineralized organic matter in CM1D03 CRC was mainly derived from microorganisms and lower plankton(e.g., bacteria and algae, respectively) from marine surface water, with some terrestrial higher plant components. The ratio of chloroform bitumen "A": OC was high in the CRC, between 10.51 and 20.66, showing significant migration characteristics of n-alkanes. Four mineralization categories of organic matter were recognized based on GC chromatograms of n-alkane molecules:(1) primitive type(bacteria and algae), which is characterized by moderately mature of n-alkanes preserving the original characteristics of the organic matter from microorganisms and lower plankton;(2) microbial degradation type, which is characterized by low contents of n-alkanes and rising baseline in the chromatogram, with the "bulge" being the products of organic matter by biodegradation;(3) organic matter migration type, which is characterized by low carbon number of n-alkanes with n C18 as the main peak carbon, without odd even predominance, and low concentrations of isoprenoids and hydrocarbons with high carbon number; and(4) organic matter hydrothermal type, which is characterized by relatively low concentration of small molecular weight n-alkanes, pristane, and phytane, accompanied by higher concentration of n-alkanes with carbon number greater than n C18. This study shows that biomarkers can record controlling factors of mineralization and their variation.
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| 关 键 词： | 有机物质 生物矿化 西太平洋 富钴结壳 海山 生物标志物 GC-MS 微生物分解 |
| 收稿时间： | 2014/2/24 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 7/8/2014 12:00:00 AM |
Biomineralization of organic matter in cobalt-rich crusts from the Marcus-Wake Seamounts of the western Pacific Ocean |
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| ZHAO Jun,ZHANG Haisheng,WU Guanghai,LU Bing,PULYAEVA Irina A,ZHANG Haifeng and PANG Xuehui.Biomineralization of organic matter in cobalt-rich crusts from the Marcus-Wake Seamounts of the western Pacific Ocean[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,2014,33(12):67-74. |
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| Authors: | ZHAO Jun ZHANG Haisheng WU Guanghai LU Bing PULYAEVA Irina A ZHANG Haifeng and PANG Xuehui |
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| Institution: | 1.Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry, Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou 310012, China2.State Scientific Centre Yuzhmorgeologia, Gelendzhik 353461, Russia3.School of Chemistry and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China |
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| Abstract: | Organic matter in cobalt-rich crust (CRC) from the Marcus-Wake Seamounts of the western Pacific Ocean, Sample CM1D03, has been analyzed to understand the source, geochemistry and mineralization of organic matter, and the mineralization environment. Biomarkers, including n-alkanes, isoprenoids, terpanes and sterols, have been detected in various layers of the CRC sample, using gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The content of organic carbon (OC) and its stable isotope (δ13C), and the combined features of the biomarkers show that the mineralized organic matter in CM1D03 CRC was mainly derived from microorganisms and lower plankton (e.g., bacteria and algae, respectively) from marine surface water, with some terrestrial higher plant components. The ratio of chloroform bitumen “A”: OC was high in the CRC, between 10.51 and 20.66, showing significant migration characteristics of n-alkanes. Four mineralization categories of organic matter were recognized based on GC chromatograms of n-alkane molecules: (1) primitive type (bacteria and algae), which is characterized by moderately mature of n-alkanes preserving the original characteristics of the organic matter from microorganisms and lower plankton; (2) microbial degradation type, which is characterized by low contents of n-alkanes and rising baseline in the chromatogram, with the “bulge” being the products of organic matter by biodegradation; (3) organic matter migration type, which is characterized by low carbon number of n-alkanes with nC18 as the main peak carbon, without odd even predominance, and low concentrations of isoprenoids and hydrocarbons with high carbon number; and (4) organic matter hydrothermal type, which is characterized by relatively low concentration of small molecular weight n-alkanes, pristane, and phytane, accompanied by higher concentration of n-alkanes with carbon number greater than nC18. This study shows that biomarkers can record controlling factors of mineralization and their variation. |
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| Keywords: | biomineralization cobalt-rich crust biomarker Marcus-Wake Seamounts |
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