| An assessment of “fishing down marine food webs” in coastal states during 1950–2010 |
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| 引用本文： | 丁琪,陈新军,余为,陈勇.An assessment of “fishing down marine food webs” in coastal states during 1950–2010[J].海洋学报(英文版),2017,36(2):43-50. |
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| 作者姓名： | 丁琪 陈新军 余为 陈勇 |
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| 作者单位： | 上海海洋大学海洋科学学院, 上海 201306;远洋渔业协同创新中心, 上海 201306,上海海洋大学海洋科学学院, 上海 201306;大洋渔业资源可持续开发省部共建教育部重点实验室, 上海 201306;国家远洋渔业工程技术研究中心, 上海 201306;远洋渔业协同创新中心, 上海 201306,上海海洋大学海洋科学学院, 上海 201306;远洋渔业协同创新中心, 上海 201306,缅因大学海洋科学学院, 缅因州奥罗诺 04469, 美国远洋渔业协同创新中心, 上海 201306 |
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| 基金项目： | The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos NSFC41306127 and NSFC41276156; the Funding Program for Outstanding Dissertations in Shanghai Ocean University; Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project (Fisheries Discipline); the involvement of Y. Chen was supported by SHOU International Center for Marine Studies and Shanghai 1000 Talent Program. |
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| 摘 要： | 渔获物平均营养级（Mean trophic level of fishery landings，MTL）是目前评估人类捕捞活动影响的研究中使用最广泛的生物多样性指标之一。根据联合国粮农组织FAO提供的渔获生产统计数据，结合Fishbase提供的相关鱼种营养级数据，本文评估了1950-2010年太平洋、大西洋和印度洋各沿海国海洋渔业开发状态。研究发现，在全球三大洋75个主要捕捞国中，43个国家MTL呈显著下降趋势，发生了Pauly于1998年提出的“捕捞降低海洋食物网”现象；但是，仅16个国家MTL的下降是由于高营养级种类的衰退，而27个国家属于“捕捞沿着海洋食物网”的下降机制。此外，20个国家MTL呈恢复上升趋势，但是，该恢复上升趋势通常伴随着传统低营养级种类产量的大幅下降；在上述20个国家中，11个国家的低营养级鱼类产量呈显著下降趋势。需谨慎分析“捕捞降低海洋食物网”现象，掌握MTL的潜在变化机制。
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| 关 键 词： | 沿海国 开发历程 捕捞降低海洋食物网 可持续性 海洋渔业 渔获物平均营养级 |
| 收稿时间： | 2015/12/31 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2016/4/12 0:00:00 |
An assessment of “fishing down marine food webs” in coastal states during 1950–2010 |
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| DING Qi,CHEN Xinjun,YU Wei and CHEN Yong.An assessment of “fishing down marine food webs” in coastal states during 1950–2010[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,2017,36(2):43-50. |
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| Authors: | DING Qi CHEN Xinjun YU Wei and CHEN Yong |
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| Institution: | College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;Collaborative Innovation Center for Distant-water Fisheries, Shanghai 201306, China,College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;National Engineering Research Center for Oceanic Fisheries, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;Collaborative Innovation Center for Distant-water Fisheries, Shanghai 201306, China,College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;Collaborative Innovation Center for Distant-water Fisheries, Shanghai 201306, China and School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, Maine 04469, USACollaborative Innovation Center for Distant-water Fisheries, Shanghai 201306, China |
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| Abstract: | Mean trophic level of fishery landings (MTL) is one of the most widely used biodiversity indicators to assess the impacts of fishing. Based on the landing data compiled by Food and Agriculture Organization combined with trophic information of relevant species in FishBase, we evaluated the status of marine fisheries from 1950 to 2010 for different coastal states in Pacific, Atlantic and Indian Oceans. We found that the phenomenon of "fishing down marine food webs" occurred in 43 states. Specifically, 27 states belonged to "fishing-through" pattern, and 16 states resulted from "fishing-down" scenario. The sign of recovery in MTL was common in the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian Oceans (occurred in 20 states), but was generally accompanied by significantly decreased catches of traditional low trophic level species. In particular, 11 states showed significant declining catches of lower trophic levels. The MTL-based assessment of "fishing down marine food webs" needs to be interpreted cautiously. |
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| Keywords: | coastal states exploitation history fishing down marine food webs sustainability marine fisheries mean trophic level of fishery landings |
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