Lower trophic levels and detrital biomass control the Bay of Biscay continental shelf food web: Implications for ecosystem management |
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| Authors: | G Lassalle J Lobry F Le Loc’h P Bustamante G Certain D Delmas C Dupuy C Hily C Labry O Le Pape E Marquis P Petitgas C Pusineri V Ridoux J Spitz N Niquil |
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| Institution: | aLittoral Environnement et Sociétés, UMR 6250 CNRS-Université de La Rochelle, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, 17042 La Rochelle, Cedex, France;bCemagref, Agricultural and Environmental Engineering Research Institute, UR EPBX, 50 avenue de Verdun, 33612 Cestas, Cedex, France;cIRD, UMR 212 Écosystèmes Marins Exploités, IRD-IFREMER-CNRS-Université Montpellier 2, Avenue Jean Monnet, BP 171 34203 Sète, Cedex, France;dInstitute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 6404, 9294 Tromsø, Norway;eIFREMER, Département Dynamique de l’Environnement Côtier, Laboratoire Pélagos, BP 70, 29280 Plouzané, France;fLaboratoire des sciences de l’Environnement MARin, CNRS UMR 6539, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Université Occidentale de Bretagne, 29280 Plouzané, France;gUniversité Européenne de Bretagne, UMR 985 Agrocampus Ouest, Inra Écologie et Santé des Écosystèmes, Écologie halieutique, Agrocampus Ouest, 65 rue de St Brieuc, CS 84215, 35042 Rennes, France;hInstitute of Oceanography, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, 10617 Taipei, Taiwan;iIFREMER, Département Écologie et Modèles pour l’Halieutique, rue de l’île d’Yeu, BP 21105, 44311 Nantes, France;jOffice National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage, Cellule Technique Océan Indien, PB 67, 97670 Coconi, Mayotte;kCentre de Recherche sur les Mammifères Marins, UMS 3419 CNRS-Université de La Rochelle, 17071 La Rochelle, France |
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| Abstract: | The Bay of Biscay (North-East Atlantic) has long been subjected to intense direct and indirect human activities that lead to the excessive degradation and sometimes overexploitation of natural resources. Fisheries management is gradually moving away from single-species assessments to more holistic, multi-species approaches that better respond to the reality of ecosystem processes. Quantitative modelling methods such as Ecopath with Ecosim can be useful tools for planning, implementing and evaluating ecosystem-based fisheries management strategies. The aim of this study was therefore to model the energy fluxes within the food web of this highly pressured ecosystem and to extract practical information required in the diagnosis of ecosystem state/health. A well-described model comprising 30 living and two non-living compartments was successfully constructed with data of local origin, for the Bay of Biscay continental shelf. The same level of aggregation was applied to primary producers, mid-trophic-levels and top-predators boxes. The model was even more general as it encompassed the entire continuum of marine habitats, from benthic to pelagic domains. Output values for most ecosystem attributes indicated a relatively mature and stable ecosystem, with a large proportion of its energy flow originating from detritus. Ecological network analysis also provided evidence that bottom-up processes play a significant role in the population dynamics of upper-trophic-levels and in the global structuring of this marine ecosystem. Finally, a novel metric based on ecosystem production depicted an ecosystem not far from being overexploited. This finding being not entirely consistent over indicators, further analyses based on dynamic simulations are required. |
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