| 1989～2010年间厦门湾滨海湿地人为干扰影响评价及景观响应 |
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| 引用本文： | 陈鹏,;傅世锋,;超祥,;吴海燕,;宋志晓.1989～2010年间厦门湾滨海湿地人为干扰影响评价及景观响应[J].台湾海峡,2014(2):167-174. |
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| 作者姓名： | 陈鹏 ;傅世锋 ;超祥 ;吴海燕 ;宋志晓 |
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| 作者单位： | [1]国家海洋局第三海洋研究所,福建厦门361005; [2]厦门大学建筑与土木工程学院,福建厦门361005 |
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| 基金项目： | 中国海监技术支撑体系资助项目（2200208）;厦门市科技计划资助项目（3502Z20062011） |
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| 摘 要： | 选择厦门经济特区成立后的2个关键时段为监测期,利用1989～2010年的时间序列遥感影像,建立了3个时间节点的厦门湾湿地与非湿地景观类型数据库.基于景观生态学与地统计学理论与方法构建人为干扰度及其动态模型,评价了过去22a间滨海湿地人为干扰影响及其动态变化,并分析了景观格局的响应过程.结果表明：厦门湾滨海湿地退化程度不断加剧.自然湿地的面积从1989年的275.82 km2降至2010年的238.60 km2；非湿地从1989年的590.61 km2上升至2010年的637.09 km2.在城市化不同阶段,滨海湿地经历着从以向人工湿地转化为主,过渡到以向非湿地转化为主的过程.干扰度及其动态模型能较好地表征城市空间拓展模式与人为干扰影响的空间响应关系.人为干扰影响正逐渐扩大其规模和强度,并且呈现出由陆地向海洋扩展的趋势.在第一时段,环西海域海岸线成为厦门城市化空间发展的重要方向,滨海湿地资源空间成为城市化扩展、海水养殖业占用的重要目标.在第二时段,人为干扰度变化的高值区已经沿着海岸线向东部转移,形成了新的干扰带；中高值区在整个区域蔓延,滨海湿地资源空间被进一步挤压.干扰度动态变化高值区是滨海湿地退化最显著的区域,也是未来进行湿地保护与生态修复的重点区域.边缘密度、斑块密度与分离度综合起来能较好地反映出景观格局信息与人为干扰之间响应关系.研究区景观格局趋于复杂化,景观异质性程度升高,景观破碎度增大.非湿地景观类型逐渐居于主导地位,滨海湿地的优势景观控制力下降.人为干扰已成为厦门湾滨海湿地景观格局演变的主要驱动力.
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| 关 键 词： | 海洋环境科学 滨海湿地 人为干扰度 半方差函数 景观响应 厦门湾 |
Assessment of impact on coastal wetland of Xiamen Bay and response of landscape pattern from human disturbance from 1989 to 2010 |
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| Institution: | CHEN Peng, FU Shi-feng, WEN Chao-xiang, WU Hai-yan, SONG Zhi-xiao ( 1. Third Institute of Oceanography, SOA, Xiamen 361005, China; 2. College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361007, China) |
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| Abstract: | Selecting two key periods after the establishment of Xiamen Special Economic Zone as monitoring periods based on the remote sensing images from 1989 to 2010,we established a database containing wetland and non-wet-land landscapes in Xiamen Bay in 3 periods. With approaches of landscape ecology and geostatistics,human disturbance was analyzed and its dynamic model was set up to assess the influence of human disturbance on the coastal wetland and its dynamic changes in the past 22 years. Besides,the response process of landscape pattern was analyzed. The results presented that the coastal wetland of Xiamen Bay was continuously degenerating. The area of the natural wetland decreased from 275. 82 km2in 1989 to 238. 60 km2in 2010. The area of non-wetland rose from 590. 61 km2in 1989 to 637. 09 km2in 2010. In the different stages of urbanization,the coastal wetland had experienced transitions mainly from the process of constructed wetlands to the non-wetland. The degree of disturbance and its dynamic model efficiently characterized the spatial responding relations between urban spatial expansion and human disturbance. The influence of human disturbance was expanding in scale and intensity,and showed a tendency extending from the land to the sea. In the first period,the west coastline had been an important area of Xiamen urban spatial development,and the wetland resource was the important goals occupied by urbanization and sea farming. In the second period,the high value area of human disturbing variation had shifted from the west to the east of Xiamen Bay along the coastline formed a new disturbance zone. The mid-high value area of human disturbing variation had spread to the whole area studied. The coastal wetland resource space had been further squeezed. The high value area of dynamic change of disturbance degree showed the most significant degeneration of coastal wetland, where it could be the key area of wetland protection and ecological restoration in the future. The integration of edge density,plaque density and |
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| Keywords: | marine environmental sciences coastal wetland human disturbance semi-variogram landscape response Xiamen Bay |
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