Internal wave band kinetic energy production: flat vs. sloping bottom |
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| Institution: | 1. State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting, Beijing, 102249, China;2. College of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing, 102249, China;3. China National Petroleum Corporation, Beijing, 100007, China;4. Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, T2N 1N4, Canada;5. Shenzhen Branch of China National Offshore Oil Corporation Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong 510240, China;6. Geological Survey of Canada, Natural Resources Canada, Calgary, T2L 2A7, Canada;7. School of Earth & Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China;1. School of Economics, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China;2. Department of Business Administration, Asia University, 500, Lioufeng Rd, Wufeng, Taichung, 41354, Taiwan;3. Department of Management, California State University, San Bernardino, 5500 University Parkway, San Bernardino, CA, 92407, USA;4. School of Public Finance, College of Economics, Law and Government, University of Economics Ho Chi Minh City, 59C Nguyen Dinh Chieu, District 3, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam;5. Faculty of Business Administration, Van Lang University, 69/68 Dang Thuy Tram Street, Ward 13, Binh Thanh District, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam;6. Department of Finance, Asia University, 500, Lioufeng Rd, Wufeng, Taichung, 41354, Taiwan;7. Ho Chi Minh City University of Food Industry, 140 Le Trong Tan, Tan Phu district, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam;8. WSB University in Gdansk, Poland;1. Scottish Association for Marine Science, Scottish Marine Institute, Oban, Argyll PA37 1QA, UK;2. Fisheries and Aquatic Ecosystems Branch, Agriculture Food and Environmental Science Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Newforge Lane, Belfast BT9 5PX, UK;3. Department of Earth & Ocean Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada;4. European Centre for Environment and Human Health, University of Exeter Medical School, RCHT Knowledge Spa, Truro, Cornwall TR1 3HD, UK;5. Oceans and Human Health Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33149, USA;6. Marine Policy Center, MS#41, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA |
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| Abstract: | Velocity and temperature measurements obtained with acoustic Doppler current profilers and thermistor strings are used to evaluate the production of internal wave band kinetic energy mainly in the frequency band σ>15 cpd. Results from a flat 19 m deep, vigorous tidal environment in a shelf sea are compared with energy production in a bottom boundary layer above a continental slope. In the tidal environment, maximum production occurs in the near-bottom and near-surface layers. A distinct mid-depth maximum in KE production occurs during a period when wind speeds exceed 10 m s?1 and significant wave height ～2 m. At the same time, no significant changes in the along-shore current speed take place but the cross-shore current, generated by strong stratification, is weakened. This suggests a direct energy input from the wind via surface waves into the water column turbulence. Maximum kinetic energy production in the frequency band σ>1.9 cpd, thus including the semidiurnal tide, occurs at mid-depth when strong stratification is present. The overall magnitude of internal wave band kinetic energy production agrees well with independent dissipation estimates obtained from microstructure profilers. Above the sloping bottom, KE production is somewhat larger than observed in the shallow tidal environment, despite rms currents being ～50% smaller and wind effects being small. Above the sloping bottom KE shear production was comparable to buoyancy production. The latter was negligible at the shelf sea site. |
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