Unsuitability of TAC management within an ecosystem approach to fisheries: An ecological perspective |
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| Authors: | Henning Reiss Simon PR Greenstreet Leonie Robinson Siegfried Ehrich Lis L Jørgensen Gerjan J Piet Wim J Wolff |
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| Institution: | 1. University of Groningen, Department of Marine Benthic Ecology and Evolution, Postbus 14, 9750 AA Haren, The Netherlands;2. Fisheries Research Services, Marine Laboratory, PO Box 101, Aberdeen AB11 9DB, U.K.;3. University of Liverpool, School of Biological Sciences, Ecosystem Dynamics Group, P.O. Box 147, Liverpool L69 3BX, U.K.;4. Federal Research Institute for Rural Areas, Forestry and Fisheries, Institute of Sea Fisheries, Palmaille 9, 22767 Hamburg, Germany;5. Institute of Marine Research, Boks 6404, 9294 Tromsø, Norway;6. Wageningen IMARES, Postbus 68, 1970 IJmuiden, The Netherlands;1. MARICE, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland;2. School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA;3. Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, WA 98192, USA;1. Innovative Fisheries Management (IFM) – An Aalborg University Research Center, Aalborg, Denmark;2. Faculty of Biosciences Fisheries and Economics, The Arctic University of Tromsø, Norway;3. Fisheries Socioeconomic Department, Centro Tecnológico del Mar-Fundación CETMAR, Vigo, Spain;4. Campus do Mar, International Campus of Excellence, Vigo, Spain;5. Syntesa, Gøta, Faroe Islands;1. Gothenburg University, Department of Philosophy, Linguistics and Theory of Science, Box 200, SE 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden;2. Gothenburg University, School of Global Studies, Gothenburg, Sweden;1. Australian Centre for Pacific Islands Research and Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, Australia;2. National Fisheries College, National Fisheries Authority, Kavieng, Papua New Guinea;3. School of Science & Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland 4556, Australia;4. Centre for African Conservation Ecology, Department of Zoology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa;1. Department of Economics, Universidad de Concepción, Concepcion, Chile;2. Research Nucleus on Environmental and Natural Resource Economics, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile;3. Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Universidad de Concepción, Concepcion, Chile;4. Department of Economics, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile |
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| Abstract: | Fisheries management in European waters is gradually moving from a single-species perspective towards a more holistic ecosystem approach to management (EAM), acknowledging the need to take all ecosystem components into account. Prerequisite within an EAM is the need for management processes that directly influence the ecological effects of fishing, such as the mortality of target and non-target species. Up until recently, placing limits on the quantities of fish that can be landed, through the imposition of annual total allowable catches (TACs) for the target species, has been the principal management mechanism employed. However, pressure on non-target components of marine ecosystems is more closely linked to prevailing levels of fishing activity, so only if TACs are closely related to subsequent fishing effort will TAC management serve to control the broader ecosystem impacts of fishing. We show that in the mixed fisheries that characterise the North Sea, the linkage between variation in TAC and the resulting fishing effort is in fact generally weak. Reliance solely on TACs to regulate fishing activity is therefore unlikely to mitigate the impacts of fishing on non-target species. Consequently, we conclude that the relationship between TACs and effort is insufficient for TACs to be used as the principal management tool within an EAM. The implications, and some alternatives, for fisheries management are discussed. |
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