Acute toxicity of bromochlorinated seawater to selected estuarine species with a comparison to chlorinated seawater toxicity |
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| Authors: | Morris H Roberts Jr Richard A Gleeson |
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| Institution: | Virginia Institute of Marine Science, Gloucester Point, Virginia 23062, USA |
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| Abstract: | The acute toxicity of bromochlorinated estuarine water (ca. 20%) was determined for several estuarine organisms. The most sensitive species were oysters (Crassostrea virginica, larvae and juveniles) and copepods (Acartia tonsa) with 48-h LC50's of 0·10 to 0·21 mg BrCl/litre. Palaemonetes pugio was most tolerant with a 96-h LC50 of 0·70 mg BrCl/litre. The fish species tested (Menidia menidia, Brevoortia tyrannus and Leiostomus xanthurus) all had a 96-h LC50 of 0·21–0·23 mg BrCl/litre.The BrCl toxicity data are compared with Cl2 toxicity data for the same species. When the LC50's are expressed as equivalents per litre, BrCl is found to be two to four times less toxic than Cl2. The ranking of species in terms of sensitivity is the same for both disinfectants.Some data are provided concerning the decay rates of BrCl and Cl2 in estuarine water. BrCl was found to decay more rapidly than Cl2 at higher ammonia levels (0·25 mg NH4-N/litre). The question of chemical speciation is discussed with particular reference to the differential toxicities. |
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