A wave-flume study of scour at a pile breakwater: Solitary waves |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Ocean and Resources Engineering, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA;2. Key Laboratory of Water-Sediment Sciences and Water Disaster Prevention of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan 410114, China;3. School of Hydraulic Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410114, China;1. Jiao Zhuan Research Center, Southeast University, Nanjing 210018, China;2. Department of River and Coastal Engineering, Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210024, China;3. School of Transportation, Southeast University, Nanjing 210001, China;1. Beijing Jiaotong University, School of Civil Engineering, Beijing 100044, China;2. National Engineering Laboratory of Port Hydraulic Construction Technology, Tianjin Research Institute of Water Transport Engineering, Tianjin 300456, China;3. Technical University of Denmark, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Section of Fluid Mechanics, Coastal and Maritime Engineering, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark;4. Beijing’ s Key Laboratory of Structural Wind Engineering and Urban Wind Environment, Beijing 100044, China;1. Ludwig-Franzius-Institute for Hydraulic, Estuarine and Coastal Engineering, Leibniz Universität, Hannover, Nienburger Str. 4, 30167 Hannover, Germany;2. Leichtweiß-Institute for Hydraulic Engineering and Water Resources, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Beethovenstraße 51a, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany;1. State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, 210098, China;2. School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore;3. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Auckland, 1142, New Zealand |
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| Abstract: | Understanding the sediment transport and the resulting scour around coastal structures such as pile breakwaters under local extreme wave conditions is important for the foundation safety of various coastal structures. This study reports a wave-flume experiment investigating the scour induced by solitary waves at a pile breakwater, which consists of a row of closely spaced large piles. A wave blacking gate with a simple operation procedure in the experiment was designed to eliminate possible multiple reflections of the solitary wave inside the flume. An underwater laser scanner and a point probe were used in combination to provide high-resolution data of the bed profile around the pile breakwater. Effects of incident wave height and local water depth on the maximum scour depth, the maximum deposition height and the total scour and deposition volumes were examined. An existing empirical formula describing the evolution of the scour at a single pile in current or waves was extended to describe the scour at the pile breakwater under the action of multiple solitary waves, and new empirical coefficients were obtained by fitting the formula to the new experimental data to estimate the equilibrium scour depth. It appears that the maximum scour depth and the total scour volume are two reliable quantities for validation of numerical models developed for the scour around pile breakwaters under highly nonlinear wave conditions. |
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| Keywords: | Sediment transport Solitary wave Shore protection Foundation safety |
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