| 美国岸线现状调查30年进展综述——以美国弗吉尼亚州为例 |
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| 引用本文： | 贾建军,夏小明,汪亚平.美国岸线现状调查30年进展综述——以美国弗吉尼亚州为例[J].海洋学研究,2008,26(2):53-58. |
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| 作者姓名： | 贾建军 夏小明 汪亚平 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 国家海洋局,第二海洋研究所,国家海洋局,海底科学重点实验室,浙江,杭州,310012
2. 南京大学,海岸与海岛开发教育部重点实验室,江苏,南京,210093 |
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| 基金项目： | "908"专项资助项目 |
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| 摘 要： | 以美国弗吉尼亚州20世纪70年代和21世纪初两个年代进行的岸线现状调查工作为例,介绍了30年来美国岸线现状调查的目标、指导原则、调查内容、数据来源、报告编写等内容,并与我国20世纪80年代开展的"全国海岸带和海涂资源综合调查"工作以及当前正在开展的"我国近海海洋综合调查与评价"专项的海岸带调查进行了对比,讨论了两国在海岸带调查方面的异同,以及可供借鉴之处。
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| 关 键 词： | 美国 弗吉尼亚州 岸线 海岸带 |
Shoreline situation investigation in USA during the latest 30 years: An overview with special reference to the State of Virginia |
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| JIA Jian-jun,XIA Xiao-ming,WANG Ya-ping.Shoreline situation investigation in USA during the latest 30 years: An overview with special reference to the State of Virginia[J].Journal of Marine Sciences,2008,26(2):53-58. |
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| Authors: | JIA Jian-jun XIA Xiao-ming WANG Ya-ping |
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| Abstract: | Shoreline is located at the narrow zone where land meets sea.Although the coastal zone comprises less than 0.05% of the area of the landmasses combined,it has become the most critical part of the Earth's surface in terms of global economy,development and management needs because nearly half of the global population lives within less than 100 km of the coastline.Therefore,shoreline situation investigation(namely,coastal zone comprehensive survey) is necessary and important for coast dwellers,developers,policy makers,researchers and managers in that background information and basic data of natural and social environments are critical for planning,reasonable strategies,and sustainable development.Two stages of the shoreline situation investigation programs in USA were carried out in 1970's and 2000's,respectively.With special reference to Tidewater Virginia,the purposes and goals,approaches,data collection and dissemination,structures and delivery media of published reports of the shoreline situation programs in USA are introduced in detail.During the first stage,the spatial scope of shoreline situation survey was determined as from 400 feet landward off coastline to 12 feet depth contour below mean ebb tide.The coastal zone was classified into three parts,fastland,shore and nearshore.Meanwhile,the purpose of shoreline situation investigation was clearly defined in 1970's as serving coastal zone management.Data sources for the first stage survey were side-view aero photos at 5-meter resolution.In 2000's,the characteristic function of serving coastal zone management was strengthened by introducing a new chapter of "application to shoreline management" into shoreline situation reports,by usage of 1-meter-pixel satellitic image as data sources,and by regulating updated period as 5 to 10 years.In the meantime,China launched a Comprehensive Coastal Zone Survey Program in 1980's,shortly after the first stage of shoreline situation program in USA.In 2003,an ambitious Coastal Sea Investigation and Research Project was approved by China Central Government,known as "908" Project,which includes a revised coastal zone survey program to address the management problems of today.The range of coastal zone survey in "908" Project is much wider than that in USA,generally between 1 000 m landward off coastline and 0 m chart depth contour.The contents of China coast survey are comprehensive and ambitious,including coastline,geomorphology,sedimentology,geochemistry,biology,vegetation,economy and social statistics.Main sources of data will come from in-situ survey as well as satellitic images with quality as good as 5-meter resolution.Although huge data will be accumulated by "908" Project,one can not expect direct application of "908" Project report to coastal zone management without further works of data interpretation.The experiences and advantages that China can learn from the shoreline programs in USA are discussed in two aspects.Firstly,the definition and classification of shoreline and the goal of "serving coastal zone management",which were specified in the first stage of shoreline situation investigation carried out in 1970's in Virginia,are observed and followed in later stage of shoreline survey.The consistency in scientific steering and techniques ensures the success of shoreline situation survey,and indicates the importance of well-grounded scientific researches.Secondly,high-quality and fine-resolution data and applications of latest techniques are favorable to the accuracy of shoreline survey,making up-to-date shoreline situation reports possible and available. |
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| Keywords: | USA State of Virginia shoreline coastal zone |
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