| 冬季中纬度海气相互作用与长江中下游汛期旱涝预测 |
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| 引用本文： | 赵永平,陈立勇,贾瑞丽.冬季中纬度海气相互作用与长江中下游汛期旱涝预测[J].海洋科学集刊,1996(37):19-24. |
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| 作者姓名： | 赵永平 陈立勇 贾瑞丽 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国科学院海洋研究所;国家海洋局青岛海洋预报台 |
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| 基金项目： | 中国科学院海洋研究所调查研究报告第2441号
本课题为国家自然科学基金资助项目，49646007号 |
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| 摘 要： | 中纬度海洋的热力状况对大气环流的维持和变化起着重要的作用,尤其在冬季。汛期的研究表明,冬季黑潮海域海表面水温(SST)与长江中下游和华北平原汛期降水有密切的关系(中国科学院大气物理研究所长期预报组,1978),夏季阿留申海域的SST异常与北太平洋上空大气环流场和后期秋季美国的气温和降水亦存在有意义的关系(Namias,1976)。赵永平(1986a;赵永平, McBean,1996)和Zhao and McBean(1989)曾用北太平洋海洋对大气加热场资料详细地分析了其时空分布特征,揭露了黑潮及邻近海域海洋异常加热对同期和后期半年至一年北半球大气环流的影响事实,并提出用海洋异常加热对同期和后期大气环流作用的反相性假说来进行解释。以上研究表明,冬季中纬度海洋异常加热与大气环流的异常和我国汛期旱涝之间存在一定的联系。
冬季黑潮和湾流海域是中纬度海洋的两个巨大热源,它们对同期和后期大气环流有重要影响。本文研究了冬季中纬度黑潮和湾流海域海洋异常加热对夏季副热带高压和中高纬度西风环流的影响,讨论了长江中下游汛期旱涝前期冬季和同期大气环流型。结果表明,冬季东亚和北美冷空气都强时,黑潮和湾流海域对大气异常多加热,夏季西太副热带高压、乌山和鄂海阻塞高压多趋减弱,中纬环流平直,形成长江中下游偏旱的环流形势；反之,西太副热带高压、乌山和鄂海阻塞高压多趋加强,中纬槽脊系统明显,形成长江中下游偏涝的环流场。本文还对可能的物理过程进行了讨论。
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| 关 键 词： | 冬季、中纬度、海气相互作用、长江中下游汛期 |
| 收稿时间： | 1995/8/27 0:00:00 |
AIR-SEA INTERACTION IN THE MID-LATITUDE IN WINTER AND PREDICTION OF FLOOD AND DROUGHT IN THE MIDDLE AND LOWER REACHES OF CHANGJIANG RIVER |
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| Zhao Yongping,Chen Liyong,Jia Ruili.AIR-SEA INTERACTION IN THE MID-LATITUDE IN WINTER AND PREDICTION OF FLOOD AND DROUGHT IN THE MIDDLE AND LOWER REACHES OF CHANGJIANG RIVER[J].Studia Marina Sinica,1996(37):19-24. |
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| Authors: | Zhao Yongping Chen Liyong Jia Ruili |
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| Institution: | Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy of Sciences; Qingdao Marine Observation, SOA |
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| Abstract: | The Kuroshio and Gulf regions are two hugest marine heating sources in the mid-latitude, the anomaly heating from these two regions has very important effects on the atmospheric circulation of the North Hemisphere. In this study,the relationship of the marine anomaly heating in the Kuroshio and Gulf regions in winter to the Subtropical High and the westerlies circulation in mid-high latitude in summer are analyzed, the physical processes are discussed. The results show that when the winter monsoon in East Asia and in North America is stronger(weaker), the Subtropical High and Ural and Okhotsk High will be weaker(stronger) in summer,which variations form a drought(flood )circulation pattern for the middle and the lower reaches of Changjiang River. |
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