| 瓢形蛤类的系统分类问题 |
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| 引用本文： | 方宗杰.瓢形蛤类的系统分类问题[J].海洋科学集刊,1997(39):137-142. |
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| 作者姓名： | 方宗杰 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所，南京210008 |
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| 基金项目： | 中国科学院古生物与古人类学科基础研究特别支持 |
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| 摘 要： | 瓢形蛤目(Modiomorphoida)系Newell(1969)所建,被置于古异齿亚纲(Palaeoheterodonta),包括两个超科:瓢形蛤超科(Modiomorphacea)和圆壳蛤超科(Cycloconchacea)。 Newell当时就承认此目是异源的,显然包括了许多不同类群的祖先,只是为了方便才将它们放到一起。后来片齿蛤科(Lamellodontidae)被证明是腕足类,余下的圆壳蛤超科被置于射齿目(Actinodontoida),而改归于异壳亚纲(Heteroconchia)(Pojeta,1971，1978; Pojeta and Runnegar,1985)。故圆壳蛤超科不在本文讨论之列。
Pojeta(1971,1978)认为瓢形蛤科是贻贝科(Mytilidae)的祖先,70年代以来一直主张将瓢形蛤超科改归同丝鳃亚纲(Isofilibranchia)。他和Gilbert-Tomlinson(1977)以原归瓢形蛤科的Colpomya属为模式属建立了瓢形蛤超科的第二个科 Colpomyidae。
Bailey(1983)发现Modiomorpha属的模式种M.concentrica (Conrad)保存有发育完好的韧片(nymph)和可疑的后侧齿,指出它与心蛤超科(Carditacea)的Permophorus属及厚壳蛤超科(Crassatellacea )的Hippopodium属甚为相似。Pojeta等(1986)对该种的韧带构造提出了不同解释,认为它更象 Mytilus 型韧带,而不象是跨韧式( parivincular)韧带；他们还同时否认了侧齿在该种的存在。后来, Waller(1990)和 Carter(1990,p.266,Fig.49)分别作了大量观察、研究,终于进一步证实了Bailey(1983)的发现。Waller(1990)并根据一系列证据提出 Modiomorpha concentrica 应归入畸韧亚纲(Anomalodesmata)。Johnston(1993)以及Fang和Morris(1996)也支持这一意见。本文将简述本人对瓢形蛤类系统分类问题的一些最新看法。
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| 关 键 词： | 瓢形蛤类、系统分类 |
REMARKS ON THE TAXONOMIC POSITION OF MODIOMORPHIDS(BIVALVIA) |
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| Fang Zongjie.REMARKS ON THE TAXONOMIC POSITION OF MODIOMORPHIDS(BIVALVIA)[J].Studia Marina Sinica,1997(39):137-142. |
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| Authors: | Fang Zongjie |
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| Institution: | Nangjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Acadmy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008 |
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| Abstract: | There is apparently no consensus on the definition and taxonomic composition of the
Modiomorphidae. The more traditional view has been to unite Devonian Modiomorpha with Ordovician modiolopsids so that the family name Modiolopidae has been rejected as a junior subjective synonym of the Modiomorphidae(LaRocque and Newell, 1969; Bailey, 1983, Pojeta et al., 1986: Carter, 1990; Johnston, 1993; Liljedahl, 1994). However, Fang and Morris(1996) were of quite different opinion. Here some problems concerning the separation of Modiomorpha from the Modiolopsacea and of the Modiomorphidae from the Carditacea are discussed.
The Modiomorphidae, under the name Permophoridae has long been placed in the superfamily Carditacea of the Heterodonta and postulated as the ancestor of carditis, while the genus Modiomorpha has been assigned to another subclass owing to inadequate information about its internal features, especially the ligament structure. This is why the investigation of the relationships between them was long hindered. The Devonian Modiomorpha and such like occupy and intermediate morphological position between the Ordovician Modiolodontidae and the post-Devonian Permophoridae, but has closer relations with the latter.
The similarity of the Modiomorphidae(=Permophoridae)to the Carditidae is apparently superficial and may be due to convergence. In brief, it is difficult to discern close phylogenctic relationship between carditis and modiomorphids. The true relationship of the latter is with the Anomalodesmata (Morris, 1978; Waller, 1990; Morris et al., 1991, Johnston, 1993; Fang and Morris, 1996). |
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