Dispersal, Genetic Differentiation and Speciation in Estuarine Organisms |
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| Authors: | D T Bilton J Paula J D D Bishop |
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| Institution: | a Marine Biology and Ecology Research Group, School of Biological Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, U.K.;b Instituto do Mar—Laboratório Marítimo da Guia, Department of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Lisbon, Estrado do Guincho, PL4 8AA, Cascais, Portugal;c Marine Biological Association of the UK, Citadel Hill Laboratory, Plymouth, PL1 2PB, U.K. |
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| Abstract: | For some of their occupants, estuaries represent spatially discrete habitats, isolated from each other by barriers to dispersal or physiological tolerance. We present contrasting strategies for the retention or export of larvae from their estuary of origin, and consider the implications these have on population structure and divergence. Reported patterns of genetic differentiation and inferred gene flow in estuarine taxa (principally animals) are reviewed, and difficulties in the interpretation of existing genetic data discussed. Species concepts and models of speciation relevant to estuaries are outlined, and patterns of speciation of estuarine taxa reviewed. It is concluded that estuarine environments tend to restrict gene flow and impose distinct selective regimes, generating physiologically adapted populations divergent from their marine counterparts, and the potential for in situ speciation in complete or partial isolation. The resulting taxa may represent sibling or cryptic species groups of truly estuarine origin, rather than simply estuarine populations of marine eurytopes. |
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