| 中国物理海洋学研究70年:发展历程、学术成就概览 |
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| 引用本文： | 魏泽勋,郑全安,杨永增,刘克修,徐腾飞,王凡,胡石建,谢玲玲,李元龙,杜岩,周磊,林霄沛,胡建宇,朱建荣,李均益,张正光,侯一筠,刘泽,田纪伟,黄晓冬,管玉平,刘志宇,杨庆轩,赵玮,宋振亚,刘海龙,董昌明,于卫东,连涛,陈朝晖,史久新,雷瑞波,刘煜,于福江,尹宝树,陈戈,王岩峰,李整林,熊学军,汪嘉宁,李晓峰,王永刚.中国物理海洋学研究70年:发展历程、学术成就概览[J].海洋学报,2019,41(10):23-64. |
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| 作者姓名： | 魏泽勋 郑全安 杨永增 刘克修 徐腾飞 王凡 胡石建 谢玲玲 李元龙 杜岩 周磊 林霄沛 胡建宇 朱建荣 李均益 张正光 侯一筠 刘泽 田纪伟 黄晓冬 管玉平 刘志宇 杨庆轩 赵玮 宋振亚 刘海龙 董昌明 于卫东 连涛 陈朝晖 史久新 雷瑞波 刘煜 于福江 尹宝树 陈戈 王岩峰 李整林 熊学军 汪嘉宁 李晓峰 王永刚 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.自然资源部第一海洋研究所，山东 青岛 266061 |
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| 摘 要： | 本文概略评述新中国成立70年来物理海洋学各分支研究领域的发展历程和若干学术成就。中国物理海洋学研究起步于海浪、潮汐、近海环流与水团，以及以风暴潮为主的海洋气象灾害的研究。随着国力的增强，研究领域不断拓展，涌现了大量具有广泛影响力的研究成果，其中包括:提出了被国际广泛采用的“普遍风浪谱”和“涌浪谱”，发展了第三代海浪数值模式；提出了“准调和分析方法”和“潮汐潮流永久预报”等潮汐潮流的分析和预报方法；发现并命名了“棉兰老潜流”，揭示了东海黑潮的多核结构及其多尺度变异机理等，系统描述了太平洋西边界流系；提出了印度尼西亚贯穿流的南海分支(或称南海贯穿流)；不断完善了中国近海陆架环流系统，在南海环流、黑潮及其分支、台湾暖流、闽浙沿岸流、黄海冷水团环流、黄海暖流、渤海环流，以及陆架波方面均取得了深刻的认识；从大气桥和海洋桥两个方面对太平洋–印度洋–大西洋洋际相互作用进行了系统的总结；发展了浅海水团的研究方法，基本摸清了中国近海水团的分布和消长特征与机制，在大洋和极地水团分布及运动研究方面也做出了重要贡献；阐明了南海中尺度涡的宏观特征和生成机制，揭示了中尺度涡的三维结构，定量评估了其全球物质与能量输运能力；基本摸清了中国近海海洋锋的空间分布和季节变化特征，提出了地形、正压不稳定和斜压不稳定等锋面动力学机制；构建了“南海内波潜标观测网”，实现了对内波生成–演变–消亡全过程机理的系统认识；发展了湍流的剪切不稳定理论，提出了海流“边缘不稳定”的概念，开发了海洋湍流模式，提出了湍流混合参数化的新方法等；在海洋内部混合机制和能量来源方面取得了新的认识，并阐述了混合对海洋深层环流、营养物质输运等过程的影响；研发了全球浪–潮–流耦合模式，推出一系列海洋与气候模式；发展了可同化主要海洋观测数据的海洋数据同化系统和用于ENSO预报的耦合同化系统；建立了达到国际水准的非地转(水槽/水池)和地转(旋转平台)物理模 型实验平台；发展了ENSO预报的误差分析方法，建立了海洋和气候系统年代际变化的理论体系，揭示了中深层海洋对全球气候变化的响应；初步建成了中国近海海洋观测网；持续开展南北极调查研究；建立了台风、风暴潮、巨浪和海啸的业务化预报系统，为中国气象减灾提供保障；突破了国外的海洋技术封锁，研发了万米水深的深水水听器和海洋光学特性系列测量仪器；建立了溢油、危险化学品漂移扩散等预测模型，为伴随海洋资源开发所带来的风险事故的应急处理和预警预报提供科学支撑。文中引用的大量学术成果文献(每位第一作者优选不超过3篇)显示，经过70年的发展，中国物理海洋学研究培养了一支实力雄厚的科研队伍，这是最宝贵的成果。这支队伍必将成为中国物理海洋学研究攀登新高峰的主力军。
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| 关 键 词： | 物理海洋学 海浪 潮汐 海平面 大洋环流 水团 陆架与边缘海环流 海洋中尺度过程 湍流与混合 数值模拟与数据同化 实验室模拟 大洋与气候 海冰与极地考察 海洋气象与灾害 海洋物理学 海洋环境 |
| 收稿时间： | 2019/8/6 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2019/9/6 0:00:00 |
Physical oceanography research in China over past 70 years:Overview of development history and academic achievements |
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| Wei Zexun,Zheng Quanan,Yang Yongzeng,Liu Kexiu,Xu Tengfei,Wang Fan,Hu Shijian,Xie Lingling,Li Yuanlong,Du Yan,Zhou Lei,Lin Xiaopei,Hu Jianyu,Zhu Jianrong,Li Junyi,Zhang Zhengguang,Hou Yijun,Liu Ze,Tian Jiwei,Huang Xiaodong,Guan Yuping,Liu Zhiyu,Yang Qingxuan,Zhao Wei,Song Zheny,Liu Hailong,Dong Changming,Yu Weidong,Lian Tao,Chen Zhaohui,Shi Jiuxin,Lei Ruibo,Liu Yu,Yu Fujiang,Yin Baoshu,Chen Ge,Wang Yanfeng,Li Zhenglin,Xiong Xuejun,Wang Jianing,Li Xiaofeng and Wang Yonggang.Physical oceanography research in China over past 70 years:Overview of development history and academic achievements[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica (in Chinese),2019,41(10):23-64. |
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| Authors: | Wei Zexun Zheng Quanan Yang Yongzeng Liu Kexiu Xu Tengfei Wang Fan Hu Shijian Xie Lingling Li Yuanlong Du Yan Zhou Lei Lin Xiaopei Hu Jianyu Zhu Jianrong Li Junyi Zhang Zhengguang Hou Yijun Liu Ze Tian Jiwei Huang Xiaodong Guan Yuping Liu Zhiyu Yang Qingxuan Zhao Wei Song Zheny Liu Hailong Dong Changming Yu Weidong Lian Tao Chen Zhaohui Shi Jiuxin Lei Ruibo Liu Yu Yu Fujiang Yin Baoshu Chen Ge Wang Yanfeng Li Zhenglin Xiong Xuejun Wang Jianing Li Xiaofeng and Wang Yonggang |
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| Institution: | First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China,University of Maryland, College Park 20742, USA,First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China,National Marine Data and Information Service, Tianjin 300171, China,First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China,Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China;University of Chinese Acdamy Sciences, Beijing 100049, China,Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China,Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China,Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China,South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China;University of Chinese Acdamy Sciences, Beijing 100049, China,Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China,Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China,Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China,East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China,Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China,Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China,Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China;University of Chinese Acdamy Sciences, Beijing 100049, China,Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China,Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China,Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China,South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China;University of Chinese Acdamy Sciences, Beijing 100049, China,Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China,Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China,Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China,First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China,Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China;University of Chinese Acdamy Sciences, Beijing 100049, China,Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China,National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center, Beijing 100081, China,Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China,Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China,Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China,Polar Research Institute of China, Shanghai 200136, China,National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center, Beijing 100081, China,National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center, Beijing 100081, China,Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China;University of Chinese Acdamy Sciences, Beijing 100049, China,Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China,First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China,Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China;University of Chinese Acdamy Sciences, Beijing 100049, China,First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China,Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China,Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China and First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China |
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| Abstract: | This paper reviews development history and academic achievements of the research of physical oceanography branches in China over past 70 years since foundation of new China. The physical oceanography research in China began with studies of sea waves, tides, offshore circulation, water masses, and ocean meteorologic disasters with emphasis on the storm surge. With the rise of China, the research fields have been gradually expanded. Meanwhile, a great deal of significant research results have been achieved, such as, developed general wind wave spectra and swell spectra that are adapted broadly by the international community as well as the third generation sea wave numerical models; establishment of analytical and forecast methods for tides and tidal currents including quasi-harmonic analytical methods and permanent forecast methods of tides and tidal currents; discovered and named Mindanao Undercurrent, revealed multi-core structures and mechanisms of multi-scale variability of the Kurohsio in the East China Sea, and systematically described the circulation system of the western boundary of the Pacific; proposed the South China Sea Branch of Indonesian Throughflow (the South China Sea Throughflow); gradually improved continental shelf circulation systems of China offshore waters, and obtained deep understandings on the South China Sea circulation, the Kuroshio and its branches, Taiwan Warm Current, Zhejiang-Fujiang Coastal Current, the Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass Circulation, the Yellow Sea Warm Current, the Bohai Sea Circulation and continental shelf trapped waves; systematically summed up inter-ocean interactions of the Pacific Ocean-the Indian Ocean-the Atlantic Ocean through the atmospheric and oceanic bridges;developed methods for the water mass analysis of shallow seas, generally clarified features and mechnisms of distribution and evolution of water masses in China offshore waters, and had contributions to studies of distribution and movement of water masses in deep oceans and polar oceans; clarified general features and generation mechanisms of mesoscale eddies in the South China Sea, explored 3-D structure of eddies, and quatitatively estimated material and energy transportation abilities of eddies in global oceans; basically clarified spatial distribution and seasonal variability features of ocean fronts in China offshore waters, proposed frontogenesis mechnisms including topograpgy, barotropic and baroclinic instabilities; built mooring observation net for internal waves in the South China Sea, achieved systematic understanding of mechnisms for the full process of generation-evolution-dissipation of internal waves; development of shear instability theories of turbulence and ocean turbulence models, proposed a concept of current edge instability and new methods for turbulence-mixing paraterization; obtained new understandings for ocean interior mixing mechanisms and energy sources, and clarified effects of mixing on the deep layer circulation and nutrient material transportation processes; developed the Global Wave-Tide-Current Coupling Model, and a series of ocean and climate models; developped ocean data assimilation systems that may assimilate the majority of ocean observation data and coupling assimilation systems used for ENSO prediction; built physical model experiment platforms with ageostrophic water tanks/pools and geostrophic rotation platforms that satisfy the international standards; developed error analysis methods for ENSO prediction, built theory systems for inter-decadal variability of ocean and climate systems, explored response of mid-deep ocean layers to global climate change; primarily built ocean observation net in China offshore waters; continued Arctic and Antarctic expeditions; built operational forecast systems for typhoon, storm surge, extremely high waves and tsunami to provide supports for reducing meteorologic disasters in China; broke through foreign blockade to ocean technologies, successfully developed 10 km deepwater hydrophone and a series of instruments for observing ocean optical features; developed prediction models for oil spilling and dangerous/chemical material drifting and spreading in order to provide scientific supports to emergence processes and warning/forecast of risk events that are brought along ocean resources development. A great deal of literatures of academic results cited in this paper (maximum 3 papers selected for each first author) show that the development of physical oceanography research over past 70 years has trained a research team with solid strength. This is the most precious achievement. This research team will serve as a principal force to scale new heights in physical oceanography in China. |
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| Keywords: | physical oceanography ocean waves tides sea level ocean general circulation water mass coastal ocean circulation meso-scale processes turbulence and mixing numerical modeling data assimilation laboratory simulation air-sea interaction climate sea ice Arctic and Antarctic expeditions ocean meteorology and disasters ocean physics marine environment |
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