| 海洋微塑料污染现状及其对鱼类的生态毒理效应 |
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| 引用本文： | 武芳竹,曾江宁,徐晓群,王有基,刘强,徐旭丹,黄伟.海洋微塑料污染现状及其对鱼类的生态毒理效应[J].海洋学报,2019,41(2):85-98. |
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| 作者姓名： | 武芳竹 曾江宁 徐晓群 王有基 刘强 徐旭丹 黄伟 |
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| 作者单位： | 自然资源部第二海洋研究所 国家海洋局海洋生态系统与生物地球化学重点实验室,浙江 杭州,310012;自然资源部第二海洋研究所 国家海洋局海洋生态系统与生物地球化学重点实验室,浙江 杭州 310012;浙江大学 海洋学院,浙江 舟山 316021;上海海洋大学 水产与生命学院,上海,201306 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目（41306112）；中国亚太经合组织合作基金（2029901）；自然资源部第二海洋研究所基本科研业务费专项资助（JG1717）；海洋公益性行业专项项目（201405007，201505008）；科技支撑计划项目（2015BAD08B01）；河口海岸学国家重点实验室开放基金资助项目（SKLEC-KF201706）。 |
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| 摘 要： | 海洋微塑料污染已成为全球性环境问题，鉴于微塑料特殊的理化性质，其对海洋生物和海洋生态系统的生态效应愈发受到关注。本文在综述海洋微塑料来源、类型和分布状况的基础上，探讨了鱼类摄入微塑料的途径及其生态毒理学效应。研究表明，全球近岸、大洋和极地海域均有微塑料分布，我国微塑料污染亦较为严重。微塑料会对包括鱼类在内的海洋生物生存造成威胁，其被鱼类摄入的主要途径是经口误食，微塑料进入鱼体后可在不同组织和器官中迁移，消化道是主要蓄积器官。微塑料对海洋鱼类的生态毒理效应主要包括:（1）影响生殖与精卵发生；（2）降低存活率；（3）影响生长发育；（4）扰乱行为；（5）导致组织病变与炎症反应；（6）导致代谢紊乱；（7）干扰神经系统；（8）导致氧化应激；（9）干扰内分泌等。未来研究应重点关注微塑料在海洋生态系统中的迁移扩散过程、不同浓度和粒径微塑料对鱼类的生态毒理效应及致毒机制研究、微塑料和其他典型海洋污染物对鱼类的联合毒性效应，以及微塑料与海洋酸化、缺氧、升温等全球环境问题的叠加效应等。
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| 关 键 词： | 微塑料 分布 鱼类 生态毒理效应 |
| 收稿时间： | 2018/4/22 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2018/8/10 0:00:00 |
Status of marine microplastic pollution and its ecotoxicological effects on marine fish |
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| Wu Fangzhu,Zeng Jiangning,Xu Xiaoqun,Wang Youji,Liu Qiang,Xu Xudan and Huang Wei.Status of marine microplastic pollution and its ecotoxicological effects on marine fish[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica (in Chinese),2019,41(2):85-98. |
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| Authors: | Wu Fangzhu Zeng Jiangning Xu Xiaoqun Wang Youji Liu Qiang Xu Xudan and Huang Wei |
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| Institution: | 1.Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry, State Oceanic Administration, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China2.Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry, State Oceanic Administration, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China;Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China3.College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China |
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| Abstract: | Microplastic particles, defined as plastic particles smaller than 5 mm, are derived from the fragmentation of larger debris or enter the environment directly as microplastic fragments. The pathways of microplastic ingested by marine organisms and its effects to marine ecosystem have aroused worldwide attention. This review discusses the sources, types and distributions of microplastic in marine environment stress that there are plastic particles floating on coastal and marine environment in the world, while in China, coastal areas are the main polluted areas. Microplastic particles threat various marine organisms including fish. The main pathway that marine fish accumulate microplastic is ingestion by mistake. Plastic particles are mainly found in the digestive tract of several fish species. The ecotoxicological effects of microplastic on fish include:decrease survival, affect development and reproduction, disturb behavior, lead to tissue lesion and inflammatory reaction, cause metabolic disorder, damage nervous system, induce oxidative stress and interrupt endocrine. In the future, several aspects need to take more attentions on the effects of microplastic research, especially the difference between microplastic used in laboratory experiment and natural environment, such as concentrations, shape and size. Furthermore, international cooperation should be strengthened for observing the migration and transformation pathway of microplastic in marine ecosystem as well as investigating the ecological effects of microplastic and their internal mechanisms on marine organisms and ecosystem. Meanwhile, the joint toxicity of microplastic with other marine pollutants should be valued and its interactive effects with global climate change, such as high tempeture, ocean acidification and hypoxia should be further investigated. |
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| Keywords: | microplastic distribution fish ecotoxicological effects |
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