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钝缀锦蛤(Tapes dorsatus)稚贝的温度和盐度耐受性研究
引用本文:张柯馨,曹楚畑,刘志刚,吴加莹,张元,展建强,陈麟广.钝缀锦蛤(Tapes dorsatus)稚贝的温度和盐度耐受性研究[J].海洋学报,2022,44(4):57-64.
作者姓名:张柯馨  曹楚畑  刘志刚  吴加莹  张元  展建强  陈麟广
作者单位:1.广东海洋大学 水产学院,广东 湛江 524088
摘    要:本实验在室内控制条件下,采用实验生态学方法研究了钝缀锦蛤(Tapes dorsatus)稚贝对温度和盐度的耐受性。在温度耐受性方面:(1)稚贝在低温端温度为4℃、6℃、8℃、10℃时保持90%~100%存活的时间分别为0 d、2 d、3 d、7 d;在高温端温度为33℃、34℃、35℃、36℃时保持90%~100%存活率的时间分别为5 d、4 d、1 d、0 d;(2)在温度胁迫条件下,钝缀锦蛤在48 h、96 h、144 h和192 h的半致死温度在低温端分别为5.02℃、7.68℃、9.01℃和9.20℃;高温端分别为35.44℃、34.74℃、34.43℃和34.25℃。在盐度耐受性方面:(1)在低盐端盐度为13.0、15.6、18.2、20.8、23.4时保持90%~100%存活率的时间分别为1 d、1 d、≥9 d、≥9 d、≥9 d;在高盐端盐度为41.6、44.2、46.8、49.4、52.0时保持90%~100%存活率的时间分别为9 d、2 d、1 d、1 d、1 d;(2)钝缀锦蛤稚贝在48 h、96 h、144 h和192 h的半致死盐度,低盐端分别为14.46、16.02、16.76、16.91;高盐端分别为>52.0、51.79、50.58、48.88;(3)存活的适宜盐度为16.91~48.20,最适盐度为18.20~41.60;生长的适宜盐度为23.58~45.15,最适盐度为33.90。本实验结果表明,钝缀锦蛤稚贝对高温的耐受性较强,适合在南方温度较高的海域养殖;其适宜生存盐度范围较广,最适生长盐度与外海海水盐度基本相同,适合外海养殖。

关 键 词:钝缀锦蛤    稚贝    温度    盐度    耐受性
收稿时间:2021-07-22

Study on temperature and salinity tolerance of Tapes dorsatus juveniles
Zhang Kexin,Cao Chutian,Liu Zhigang,Wu Jiaying,Zhang Yuan,Zhan Jianqiang,Chen Linguang.Study on temperature and salinity tolerance of Tapes dorsatus juveniles[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica (in Chinese),2022,44(4):57-64.
Authors:Zhang Kexin  Cao Chutian  Liu Zhigang  Wu Jiaying  Zhang Yuan  Zhan Jianqiang  Chen Linguang
Institution:1.College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China2.Guangdong Marine Invertebrate Science and Technology Innovation Center, Zhanjiang 524088, China
Abstract:In order to investigate the tolerance of temperature and salinity of Tapes dorsatus juveniles, ecological methods with the laboratory controlled system was used in this study. The results showed that: (1) in the temperature tolerance test, juveniles maintained 90%?100% survival rate at the low-temperature groups (4℃, 6℃, 8℃ and 10℃) for 0 d, 2 d, 3 d and 7 d and at the high-temperature groups (33℃, 34℃, 35℃ and 36℃) for 5 d, 4 d, 1 d and 0 d, respectively; (2) under temperature stress, at the low-temperature groups, the semilethal temperatures at 48 h, 96 h, 144 h and 192 h were 5.02℃, 7.68℃, 9.01℃ and 9.20℃. And in the high-temperature groups, the semilethal temperatures at 48 h, 96 h, 144 h and 192 h were 35.44℃, 34.74℃, 34.43℃ and 34.25℃, respectively. In the salinity tolerance test, (1) juveniles maintained 90%?100% survival rate at low-salinity groups (13.0, 15.6, 18.2, 20.8 and 23.4) for 1 d, 1 d, ≥9 d, ≥9 d and ≥9 d while in the high-salinity groups (41.6, 44.2, 46.8, 49.4 and 52.0) followed by 9 d, 2 d, 1 d, 1 d and 1 d, respectively; (2) the semilethal salinity at 48 h, 96 h, 144 h and 192 h in the low-salinity groups were 14.46, 16.02, 16.76 and 16.91, while in the high-salinity groups were >52.0, 51.79, 50.58 and 48.88, respectively; (3) for survival, the suitable and the optimum salinities of T. dorsatus juveniles were 16.91?48.20 and 18.20?41.60, respectively. For growth, the suitable and the optimum salinities were 23.58?45.15 and 33.90, respectively. The results indicated that T. dorsatus juveniles had strong tolerance to high temperature and were suitable for cultivation with higher temperatures in the southern sea area. The suitable survival salinity range was wide, and the optimal growth salinity was basically the same as the offshore sea water. T. dorsatus juveniles suitable for breeding in the offshore sea water.
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