| 莱州湾鱼卵、仔稚鱼群落结构及多样性的季节变化 |
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| 引用本文： | 杨艳艳,朱明明,徐炳庆,李凡,高彦洁,孙春晓,魏潇,王斌.莱州湾鱼卵、仔稚鱼群落结构及多样性的季节变化[J].海洋学报,2021,43(9):59-70. |
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| 作者姓名： | 杨艳艳 朱明明 徐炳庆 李凡 高彦洁 孙春晓 魏潇 王斌 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.山东省海洋资源与环境研究院 山东省海洋生态修复重点实验室，山东 烟台 264006 |
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| 基金项目： | 山东省支持青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室重大科技专项（2018SDKJ0501-1）；山东省自然科学基金重点项目（ZR2020KE050）；烟台市科技创新发展计划（2021XDHZ053）；烟台市科技创新发展计划（2020MSGY061）；山东省海洋生态修复重点实验室开放课题（201902）。 |
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| 摘 要： | 为了解鱼卵、仔稚鱼的种群动态以及生物多样性的变化规律，2014?2015年利用大型浮游生物网对莱州湾海域20个站位进行表层水平拖网调查。4个航次共采获鱼卵135 275粒，仔稚鱼2 456尾，隶属于9目16科20属。鱼卵、仔稚鱼主要种类变化依次从春季的鳀(Engraulis japonicus)和鰉(Liza haematocheilus)，到夏季的赤鼻棱鳀(Thryssa kammalensis)和布氏银汉鱼(Allanetta bleekeri)，到秋季的大银鱼(Protosalanx hyalocranius)，再到冬季的长绵鳚(Zoarces elongatus)。鱼卵、仔稚鱼的种类组成、数量分布以及群落多样性随季节变化，其中，夏季的丰富度指数(D)和多样性指数(H′)最高，秋季均匀度指数(J′)最高。鱼卵、仔稚鱼从春季到夏季的种类更替率最小。利用R语言聚类树的融合水平值定义划分水平，选择具有最大跳跃的分组水平，将鱼卵、仔稚鱼分为春组、夏秋组和冬组3个组群，春组和夏秋组、春组和冬组主要分歧种均为鳀，夏秋组和冬组主要分歧种为长绵鳚和赤鼻棱鳀。本研究补充了莱州湾海域鱼类早期补充资源的基础数据，旨在为莱州湾渔业资源评估和养护提供依据。
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| 关 键 词： | 鱼卵 仔稚鱼 季节变化 生物多样性 群落结构 R语言 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020-11-30 |
Seasonal variation of community structure and diversity of ichthyoplankton in the Laizhou Bay |
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| Institution: | 1.Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Restoration for Marine Ecology, Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Reseach Institute, Yantai 264006, China2.The Institute for Advanced Study of Coastal Ecology, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China |
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| Abstract: | In order to understand the population dynamics of ichthyoplankton and the changing laws of biodiversity in the Laizhou Bay, four investigations (respectively in spring, summer, autumn and winter) of 20 positions in the Laizhou Bay from 2014 to 2015, the seasonal variations of species composition and community structure of ichthyoplankton in this area, involving its dominant species, community diversity and seasonal turnover rate were studied in this paper. The results showed that 135275 fish eggs and 2456 larvae were collected, total 22 species. Main species of ichthyoplankton changed significantly with the seasons, from Engraulis japonicus and Liza haematocheilus in spring, to Thryssa kammalensis and Allanetta bleekeri in summer, to Protosalanx hyalocranius in autumn, to Zoarces elongates in winter. The richness index (D) and diversity index (H′) were the highest in summer, and the evenness index (J′) was the highest in autumn. The species turnover rate from spring to summer was the lowest. Analysis of the results of clustering using R language with the highest likelihood suggest the existence of three assemblages of ichthyoplankton in the surveyed waters: spring group, summer and autumn group, winter group. The main divergent species of spring group and summer-autumn group, spring group and winter group were Engraulis japonicus. While the main divergent species of summer autumn group and winter group were Zoarces elongates and Thryssa kammalensis. This study shows that there are significant seasonal differences in the species composition, quantity distribution and biodiversity of ichthyoplankton in the Laizhou Bay. The research results supplement the basic data of fish early replenishment resources in the Laizhou Bay and provide basis for fishery resources conservation in the Laizhou Bay. |
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