| 南海潮汐主要分潮振幅变化趋势研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 潘海东,王雨哲,吕咸青.南海潮汐主要分潮振幅变化趋势研究[J].海洋学报,2021,43(6):26-34. |
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| 作者姓名： | 潘海东 王雨哲 吕咸青 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国海洋大学 物理海洋学教育部重点实验室，山东 青岛 266100 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发计划项目（2019YFC1408400）；国家自然科学基金面上项目（42076011） |
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| 摘 要： | 潮汐变化研究对于海洋工程、沿海地区洪涝灾害预防、海上交通等各个方面都有着重要的意义。由于验潮站都集中在近海，所以之前潮汐变化研究主要集中在近海海域。相比之下，深海地区由于长期高频水位观测的缺乏导致相关的潮汐变化研究非常少。基于近海验潮站数据和深海卫星高度计数据，本文首次用非平稳潮汐调和分析工具包S_TIDE提取了南海4大主要分潮(M2、S2、K1、O1)振幅的长期趋势。研究发现在南海大部分地区，4大主要分潮的振幅都是比较稳定的，不存在显著的上升趋势或下降趋势。在南海少部分地区4大主要分潮的振幅存在显著的趋势，最大的上升趋势可达2.91 mm/a，最大的下降趋势可达3.50 mm/a。该海域潮汐的长期趋势可能与内潮海表面信号的变化有关。卫星观测到的潮汐既包含正压潮，也包含内潮海表面信号。南海作为全球内潮活动最活跃的海域之一，其内潮海表面信号是非常显著的。而内潮对海洋层化的变化是非常敏感的，海洋层化的变化会影响内潮的生成、传播和耗散以及内潮在海表的显示，最终引起该海域潮汐振幅的长期趋势。
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| 关 键 词： | 南海 潮汐长期趋势 卫星高度计 S_TIDE 内潮 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020-06-20 |
The study of the trends of tidal amplitudes of major constituents in the South China Sea |
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| Institution: | Key Laboratory of Physical Oceanography, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China |
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| Abstract: | The study of tidal changes is of great significance in marine engineering, marine mapping as well as marine transportation. Because nearly all tide gauges are located in the coastal waters, previous studies mainly focus on tidal changes in the shallow waters. In the deep sea, due to the lack of long-term high-frequency sea level observations, tidal changes are remained unclear. Based on the tide gauge observations and satellite altimeter data, non-stationary tidal harmonic analysis toolbox S_TIDE to extract the long-term trend of amplitudes of four major constituents in the South China Sea is first used in this paper. Results show that in most areas of the South China Sea, the amplitudes of four major constituents are stable and have no significant positive or negative trends. In minor areas of the South China Sea, the amplitudes of four major constituents have significant trends. The largest positive trends can reach 2.91 mm/a and the largest negative trends can reach 3.50 mm/a. The long-term trends of tidal amplitudes in this area may be related to the change of the surface expression of internal tides. The tides observed by satellite contain not only barotropic tides but also the surface expression of internal tides. The internal tides as well as their surface expression in the South China Sea are strongest in the world. The changes of ocean stratification can influence the generation, propagation and dissipation of internal tides as well as their surface expression and eventually induce the long-term trends of tidal amplitudes in the South China Sea. |
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