| 近39年长三角海岸带土地开发利用格局演变分析 |
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| 引用本文： | 王曼曼,张宏艳,张有广,林明森,宫鹏.近39年长三角海岸带土地开发利用格局演变分析[J].海洋学报,2020,42(11):142-154. |
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| 作者姓名： | 王曼曼 张宏艳 张有广 林明森 宫鹏 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.国家卫星海洋应用中心，北京 100081 |
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| 摘 要： | 长三角海岸带是全球变化与人类活动剧烈相互作用的典型区域，在沿海开发逐渐深化与政策助推背景下，该区域土地利用变化加剧，已成为经济发展与生态保护的矛盾热点区，分析海岸带土地开发利用格局演变过程对推动长三角沿海发展带具有重要意义。本文基于1980?2018年5期土地利用矢量数据，采用桑基图、年变化率、动态度及核密度分析方法，揭示了近39年来长三角海岸带土地开发利用在数量结构、空间形态、重点地类集聚及海陆梯度变化规律等方面的演变特征。结果表明:(1) 2018年长三角海岸带基底景观由耕地、林地和建设用地构成，占研究区总面积的89.86%，呈现出北耕南林、建设用地呈散团式镶嵌其中的空间格局。(2)近39年来研究区土地利用系统在数量结构和空间形态上变化各异，其中，在数量结构上整体呈现耕地持续平稳减少、建设用地持续快速增加、林地波动式微弱减少、草地和水域波动式微弱增加的发展趋势，且历经围填海开发面积累计达2 161.01 km2；在空间形态上主要呈现出建设用地斑块遍地开花并伴随局部爆炸式扩张、耕地斑块逐渐缩减且趋于破碎化、江苏和上海东部以及杭州湾沿岸围填海开发形成明显湿地景观的演变态势。(3)重点针对建设用地和湿地开展空间集聚演变特征分析，其中，建设用地扩张规模呈小而散且扩张集聚度呈持续增强趋势，形成由“单中心”趋向“多中心”空间集聚格局；滩涂资源呈现数量少、斑块小且分布散的特征，总体呈减少趋势，各时期扩展热点区及缩减热点区地处县市各异。(4)在距离海岸线20 km范围内，研究区土地利用动态度呈现明显的建设用地趋海及海洋用地趋陆的变化规律，且江苏、上海及浙江沿海地带的各地类动态度海陆梯度变化规律各异。
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| 关 键 词： | 长三角 海岸带 格局演变 转移网络 核密度 滩涂 |
| 收稿时间： | 2019-09-04 |
Evolution analysis of land use pattern in the Changjiang River Delta coastal zone in recent 39 years |
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| Institution: | 1.National Satellite Ocean Application Service, Beijing 100081, China2.Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China3.School of Economics, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China |
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| Abstract: | The Changjiang River Delta coastal zone is a typical region where global change and human activities interact violently. Under the background of deepening coastal development and policy boosting, land use changes in this region has intensified, and it has become a conflict hotspot between economic development and ecological protection. The evolution analysis of land use pattern is of great significance to promote the coastal development zone of the Changjiang River Delta. The article is based on 5 issues of land use vector data during 1980 to 2018, by using Sankey diagram, annual change rate, dynamic degree and nuclear density analysis method to reveals the evolution characteristics of land use in the Changjiang River Delta coastal zone in the past 39 years in terms of quantitative structure, spatial agglomeration of key land types, and the rule of sea-land gradient variation. The results are as follows: (1) The basement landscape of the Changjiang River Delta coastal zone in 2018 is composed by cultivated land, forest land and construction land, which occupies 89.86% of the total study area. In spatial pattern, it presents cultivated land in the north and woodland in the south and construction land is scattered and embedded in it. (2) In the past 39 years, the land use system in the study area has varied in quantitative structure and spatial pattern. Among them, in the overall presentation of quantity structure, the cultivated land continued to decline steadily, construction land continues to increase rapidly, forest land fluctuates slightly, and grasslands and waters fluctuate slightly, and the total area which experienced reclamation development reached to 2161.01 square kilometer; In spatial pattern, it mainly shows that construction land patches blooming everywhere and accompanied by local explosive expansion, farmland patches shrink gradually and tend to fragment, and form a distinct wetland landscape in reclamation areas in Jiangsu and eastern Shanghai and Hangzhou Bay. (3) The article focus on the spatial agglomeration analysis on construction land and wetland. Among them, the expansion scale of construction land is small and scattered, and the expansion concentration degree continues to increase, which forms a spatial clustering pattern from "single center" to "multiple center"; The tidal flat resources are characterized by a small number, small patches and scattered distribution, and generally show a decreasing trend. The expand and reduce hotspots in different periods behaves differently in different regions. (4) Within a distance of 20 kilometers from the coastline, the land use dynamics in the study area showed obvious changes of construction land goes to sea and ocean land goes to land, in addition, the dynamics of sea-land gradients of different types in the coastal areas of Jiangsu, Shanghai and Zhejiang are different. |
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