| 夏、秋季南黄海小型底栖动物空间分布格局及其环境影响因素 |
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| 引用本文： | 宋远柳,刘晓收.夏、秋季南黄海小型底栖动物空间分布格局及其环境影响因素[J].海洋学报,2023,45(1):38-52. |
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| 作者姓名： | 宋远柳 刘晓收 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.中国海洋大学 海洋生命学院，山东 青岛 266003 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金（41976131）。 |
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| 摘 要： | 为研究南黄海小型底栖动物的空间分布格局及其环境影响因素，于2020年8月（夏季）和11月（秋季）对南黄海进行了两个航次的野外观测和采样，对小型底栖动物的类群组成、丰度、生物量、垂直分布、群落结构及其与环境因子的关系进行了研究。结果显示，共鉴定出小型底栖动物类群15个，其中自由生活海洋线虫为最优势类群，在两个航次中分别占小型底栖动物总丰度的75.6%和84.6%。其他较重要的类群还包括底栖桡足类、轮虫类和枝角类等。夏季和秋季小型底栖动物的平均丰度分别为（514.9±32.1）ind./(10 cm2) 和（350.8±30.7）ind./(10 cm2)，平均生物量（干质量）分别为（651.7±98.0）μg/(10 cm2)和（589.2±37.1）μg/(10 cm2)。小型底栖动物在时空分布上存在差异。在季节分布上，小型底栖动物丰度和类群组成存在极显著差异。结合环境因子分析结果可知，沉积物中值粒径是引起差异的主要环境因子。在空间分布上，夏季小型底栖动物丰度和类群组成在不同水深间存在极显著差异，秋季小型底栖动物丰度和类群组成在不同水深间差异不显著。推测黄海冷水团是影响夏季小型底栖动物空间分布差异的主要因素。本研究中小型底栖动物的数量和类群多样性相较于国内其他对南黄海小型底栖动物的研究较低，其中沉积物叶绿素a含量及有机质含量是引起南黄海小型底栖动物丰度变化的重要因素。海洋线虫与桡足类的丰度比值（N/C比值）评估显示秋季该区域存在有机污染，这一结果与应用大型底栖动物对同一区域进行环境评价的结果不一致，对于应用N/C比值评价环境质量还需要进一步的研究。
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| 关 键 词： | 小型底栖动物 自由生活海洋线虫 丰度 生物量 南黄海 |
| 收稿时间： | 2022-07-22 |
Spatial distribution patterns of meiofauna and the influencing environmental factors in the southern Yellow Sea in summer and autumn |
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| Institution: | 1.College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China2.Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China |
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| Abstract: | To study the spatial distribution patterns of meiofauna in the southern Yellow Sea and the influencing environmental factors, two cruises were conducted in the southern Yellow Sea in August (summer) and November (autumn) 2020 to analyze the taxa composition, abundance, biomass, vertical distribution, community structure of meiofauna and their relationship with environmental factors. The results showed that a total of 15 taxa of meiofauna were identified, among which free-living marine nematode was the most dominant group, accounting for 75.6% and 84.6% of the total abundance of meiofauna in the two cruises, respectively. Other important groups were benthic copepods, rotifers and cladocerans. The average abundance of meiofauna in summer and autumn was (514.9±32.1) ind./(10 cm2) and (350.8±30.7) ind./(10 cm2), and the average biomass (dry weight) was (651.7±98.0) μg/(10 cm2) and (589.2±37.1) μg/(10 cm2), respectively. There were differences both in the spatial and temporal distribution of meiofauna. In terms of seasonal distribution, highly significant differences were found in the abundance and taxa composition of meiofauna. Combined with the analysis results of environmental factors, the sediment median diameter was the main environmental factor causing the differences. In terms of spatial distribution, the abundance of meiofauna and community structure differed significantly along the water depth gradient in summer, while no significant differences were found along the water depth gradient in autumn. The Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass was supposed to be the main factor affecting the spatial distribution of meiofauna in summer. The abundance and taxa diversity of meiofauna in this study were lower compared with other studies on meiofauna in the southern Yellow Sea. The sediment chlorophyll a and organic matter contents were the important factors causing the change in abundance of meiofauna in the southern Yellow Sea. The assessment of the abundance ratio of marine nematodes to copepods (N/C ratio) showed the presence of organic pollution in the area in autumn, while this result was not consistent with that of the macrofaunal assemblages in the environmental quality evaluation of the same area, and further studies are needed for the application of N/C ratio to evaluate the environmental quality. |
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