| 基于大规模围填海和陆源排污压力下的广西钦州湾环境容量变化及损失评估 |
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| 引用本文： | 吕赫,张少峰,宋德海,鲍献文.基于大规模围填海和陆源排污压力下的广西钦州湾环境容量变化及损失评估[J].海洋学报,2023,45(2):139-150. |
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| 作者姓名： | 吕赫 张少峰 宋德海 鲍献文 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.中国海洋大学 物理海洋教育部重点实验室，山东 青岛 266100 |
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| 基金项目： | 广西重点研发计划（桂科AB1850023）；泰山学者工程专项经费（tsqn202211056）。 |
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| 摘 要： | 在2004–2019年间，人类通过大规模围填海以及陆源排污等活动对钦州湾造成了不可逆转的深远影响。本文基于卫星遥感影像和海图资料，利用非结构网格有限体积海洋模型建立的高精度钦州湾水动力–水质模型，分析了十几年来人类活动的累积效应对钦州湾水质的影响。受围填海和陆源排污两者的影响，钦州湾内化学需氧量（COD）的浓度略有下降（0.976 mg/L下降到0.909 mg/L），但湾内无机氮（DIN）和无机磷（DIP）的浓度分别从0.146 mg/L和0.023 mg/L增加到0.230 mg/L和0.027 mg/L，无机氮的浓度增加较为显著；统计结果表明，湾内超四类水质海域面积和重度富营养化水域面积大幅度增加，水质环境状况不容乐观。此外根据钦州湾内排污的特点，利用分担率法计算了不同时期下钦州湾的环境容量，结果表明湾内排污量远超最大允许排污量，茅岭江、钦江两条河流的排污量亟需削减；由于围填海导致的海湾面积减小和水交换能力降低，钦州湾环境容量较2008年有明显下降。对茅尾海局部采用排海通量最优法的计算表明，茅岭江应当分担比钦江更多的排污量，才能有利于茅尾海内的水质改善。通过估算发现双重人为压力共...
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| 关 键 词： | 人类活动 水质 污染物输运 环境容量 海洋模型 |
| 收稿时间： | 2022-05-06 |
Environmental capacity change and loss assessment of Qinzhou Bay in Guangxi induced by large-scale reclamation and land-based sewage discharge |
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| Institution: | 1.Key Laboratory of Physical Oceanography, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China2.College of Oceanic and Atmosphere Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China3.Laboratory for Ocean Dynamics and Climate, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China4.Fourth Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beihai 536015, China |
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| Abstract: | From 2004 to 2019, human activities have caused a profound and irreversible impact on Qinzhou Bay (QZB) through large-scale land reclamation and land-based sewage discharge. In this study, based on the satellite images and marine charts, a hydro-biogeochemical model was established to analyze the cumulative effect of human activities on water quality in Qinzhou Bay during the past decades. Under the double anthropogenic pressures, the concentration of chemical oxygen demand (COD) in QZB has slightly decreased from 0.976 mg/L to 0.909 mg/L. But the concentration of inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and inorganic phosphorus (DIP) increased obviously from 0.146 mg/L and 0.023 mg/L to 0.230 mg/L and 0.027 mg/L, respectively. The statistical results show that the area of heavily polluted and severe eutrophication water has increased dramatically, indicating the water quality in QZB being degenerated. According to the characteristics of pollution discharge in the bay, the share rate method was used to calculate the environment capacity in different scenarios. The results show that the actual emissions far exceed the maximum allowed amount in the bay, particularly in Maoling River and Qinjiang River, where the emissions of pollutants need to be reduced urgently. Because of the decrease of the water area and water exchange capacity caused by land reclamation, the environment capacity has reduced compare to the historical situation. The calculation of sewage discharge optimization method for Maowei Sea indicates that Maoling River should share more sewage discharge than Qinjiang River, which is conducive to the improvement of water quality in Maowei Sea. It is estimated that the environmental capacity value loss of Qinzhou Bay caused by two anthropogenic pressures is approximate 2.695 billion per year, so compensation should be considered before exploitation and utilization of the coastal ocean. |
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