| 伶仃洋洪季潮波传播变形及不对称性规律分析 |
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| 引用本文： | 童朝锋,司家林,张蔚,高祥宇.伶仃洋洪季潮波传播变形及不对称性规律分析[J].热带海洋学报,2020,39(1):36-52. |
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| 作者姓名： | 童朝锋 司家林 张蔚 高祥宇 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 海岸灾害及防护教育部重点实验室(河海大学), 江苏 南京 2100242. 河海大学港口航道与近海工程学院, 江苏 南京 2100243. 南京水利科学研究院港口航道泥沙工程交通行业重点实验室, 江苏 南京 210029 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC0405400);国家自然科学基金重点项目(51339005) |
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| 摘 要： | 珠江河口伶仃洋水域潮波传播变形及其不对称性关系对河口动力环境和物质输运产生影响。研究根据珠江口伶仃洋及东四口门19个潮位站2011年6月实测逐时潮位,利用收缩河型沿程潮幅解析理论,阐释伶仃洋从桂山岛上行沿程潮汐传播规律特征;在调和分析基础上,应用偏度理论和分潮组合分析方法,阐明了伶仃洋东西岸及洪奇门、蕉门内潮汐不对称性分布特征,对照数值研究结果,指出伶仃洋至虎门之间水域导致潮汐不对称性的主控因素及响应规律。研究表明,河口平面形态呈近似指数收缩特征的伶仃洋,沿程潮幅的变化符合指数收缩型河口波幅解析变化规律,东岸潮幅高于西岸的主要原因是东岸水深大于西岸,其次是科氏力影响;行进潮波虽受地形摩擦耗能及非线性作用下不同频率分潮间能量迁移的影响,但收缩河口能量汇聚效应可以保证收缩段天文分潮潮幅减缓衰减甚至增加,半日分潮能量汇聚效果强于全日分潮,各非线性项作用促使浅水分潮产生并持续增能,保证一定距离内沿程潮幅的增大;潮汐不对称性的偏度由湾口落潮占优向湾顶涨潮占优发展,在伶仃洋中部赤湾至金星港一线转为涨潮占优,产生该现象的原因是自湾口向湾顶不同频率间天文分潮K1-O1-M2的相互作用,导致表现为落潮优势潮的不对称性减弱,而天文分潮M2和其对应的浅水分潮倍潮M4组合作用使涨潮优势偏度值的不对称性增强;收缩河口形态属性要素中,水深是影响潮不对称性的最主要因素。
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| 关 键 词： | 河口形态 指数收缩型河口 调和分析 潮汐不对称 伶仃洋 |
| 收稿时间： | 2019-07-07 |
| 修稿时间： | 2019-09-16 |
Analysis of tidal wave propagation distortion and asymmetry in Lingding Bay during wet season |
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| TONG Chaofeng,SI Jialin,ZHANG Wei,GAO Xiangyu.Analysis of tidal wave propagation distortion and asymmetry in Lingding Bay during wet season[J].Journal of Tropical Oceanography,2020,39(1):36-52. |
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| Authors: | TONG Chaofeng SI Jialin ZHANG Wei GAO Xiangyu |
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| Institution: | 1. Key Laboratory of Coastal Disaster and Defence (Hohai University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210024, China2. College of Harbour, Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210024, China3. Key Laboratory of Port and Waterway Sediment Engineering and Transportation Industry, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210029, China |
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| Abstract: | Tidal wave propagation and tidal asymmetry in the Pearl River Estuary and Lingding Bay water areas affect estuarine dynamic environment and material transport in the areas. Based on tidal level statistics during June 2011 to July 2011 measured by stations set up in four east estuaries in the Pearl River and Lingding Bay, the theory of convergent estuarine tidal amplitude along the way is used for obtaining an analytic solution, and characteristics of tidal wave propagating from Guishan Island toward upstream is illustrated. Based on harmonic analysis, theory of skewness and method of constituent combination, tidal asymmetry distribution characteristics of east and west coasts in Lingding Bay, Hongqi outlet and Jiao outlet are explained; contrasts with analytical results, main control factors and response regulation of water area between Lingding Bay to Hu Estuary are noted. Our research shows that in Lingding Bay, which is approximately consistent with exponential convergent estuary, the tidal amplitude nearly accords with the change rule of the tidal amplitude analytical solution in exponential convergent estuary. The reason why tidal amplitude in the east coast being higher than in the west coast is that the water depth of the east coast is larger than that of the west coast; secondly, tidal amplitude is impacted by the Coriolis force. Although propagating wave is influenced by roughness consumes energy, and by energy transfer among constituents with different frequencies caused by nonliner effect, the convergence effect of convergent estuary can make sure that amplitudes of astronomical constituents keep steady even rise up in convergent segment, and the impact extent of convergence effect in semi-diurnal constituent is larger than that in diurnal constituent. Each nonliner term’s effect promotes the generation of shallow water constituent and increases energy continuously, making amplitude of shallow water constituent rising within a distance. Skewness of tidal asymmetry changes from ebb dominance in bay mouth to flood dominance in bay bottom, and transform to flood dominance at the line of Chiwan to Jinxing Port, which is located in the middle of Lingding Bay. It suggests that the decrease of ebb dominance asymmetry, which is caused by interaction of astronomical constituents K1-O1-M2 with different frequency, and the increase of flood dominance asymmetry, which is caused by interaction of astronomical constituent M2 with its shallow water overtide M4, leads to the phenomenon. Water depth is the most important factor, which influences tidal asymmetry in properties of a convergent estuary. |
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| Keywords: | estuarine form exponential converging channel harmonic analysis tidal asymmetry Lingding bay |
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