| 山东近岸海域典型生态灾害的特征和变化趋势 |
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| 引用本文： | 宋秀凯,付萍,姜向阳,刘丽娟,刘爱英,程玲,董志军,马元庆.山东近岸海域典型生态灾害的特征和变化趋势[J].海洋开发与管理,2021,38(6):31-36. |
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| 作者姓名： | 宋秀凯 付萍 姜向阳 刘丽娟 刘爱英 程玲 董志军 马元庆 |
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| 作者单位： | 山东省海洋生态修复重点实验室 山东省海洋资源与环境研究院;中国科学院牟平海岸带综合试验站 中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发计划项目（2018YFC1407605）；山东省农业重大应用技术创新项目（2017-2020）. |
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| 摘 要： | 在全球气候变化和人类活动加剧的背景下，赤潮、绿潮、褐潮、水母暴发和泥螺入侵等生态灾害已成为近年来海洋生态系统异常的主要表现形式。为科学管理和防治山东近岸海域生态灾害，文章汇总1999-2018年山东近岸海域典型生态灾害的特征和变化趋势。研究结果表明:赤潮是山东近岸海域最主要的生态灾害，研究期内共发生赤潮69起，累计面积为7 141 km2，发生海域主要集中在滨州-东营近岸、潍坊小清河口、莱州近岸、长岛近岸、烟台四十里湾、青岛胶州湾、威海乳山近岸和日照近岸，以夜光藻为主；自2007年以来，绿潮在我国南黄海海域每年均有发生，持续时间70余天，此外烟台套子湾、四十里湾和蓬莱近岸以及潍坊近岸等海域也相继发生绿潮，主要种类包括缘管浒苔、石莼、管浒苔和束生刚毛藻；褐潮是由抑食金球藻引起的生态灾害，山东近岸海域仅2011年和2012年有褐潮发生；水母暴发种主要包括海月水母、沙海蜇和白色霞水母，其中海月水母是山东半岛近岸海域种群数量最大、分布范围最广和暴发频率最高的种类；泥螺入侵是由于2001年的人为引种而导致的生物入侵灾害，近年来泥螺数量大幅减少，目前仅在滨州、东营和潍坊局部潮间带有少量分布。
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| 关 键 词： | 赤潮 绿潮 褐潮 水母暴发 生物入侵 |
Characteristics and Trends of Typical Ecological Disasters in Coastal Waters of Shandong Province |
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| SONG Xiukai,FU Ping,JIANG Xiangyang,LIU Lijuan,LIU Aiying,CHENG Ling,DONG Zhijun,MA Yuanqing.Characteristics and Trends of Typical Ecological Disasters in Coastal Waters of Shandong Province[J].Ocean Development and Management,2021,38(6):31-36. |
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| Authors: | SONG Xiukai FU Ping JIANG Xiangyang LIU Lijuan LIU Aiying CHENG Ling DONG Zhijun MA Yuanqing |
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| Abstract: | Under the influence of global climate change and intensified human activities,ecological disasters such as red tide,green tide,brown tide,jellyfish blooms and Bullacta exarata invasion have been the main manifestations of marine ecological anomalies in recent years.This paper summarized the characteristics and trends of major ecological disasters in the coastal waters of Shandong Province from 1999 to 2018 to scientifically manage and prevent ecological disasters.The results showed that red tide was one of the most important biological disasters.During the research period,69 red tides were found in Shandong coastal waters,with a cumulative area up to 7 141 km2.The red tide occurrence areas mainly included the Binzhou Dongying offshore,Xiaoqing estuary in Weifang,Laizhou offshore,Changdao offshore,Sishili Bay in Yantai,Jiaozhou Bay in Qingdao,and the offshore areas of Rushan in Weihai and Rizhao; and Noctiluca scintillans was the main species.Since the green tide of Ulva prolifera broke out in 2007,it had occurred every year and generally lasted for more than 70 days.In addition to the South Yellow Sea,the green tide also occurred in Taozi Bay,Sishili Bay,Penglai offshore in Yantai and Weifang offshore.Main causative species of green tides were Enteromorpha linza,Ulva sp.,Enteromorpha tubulosa,Cladophora fascicularis,et al..Brown tide was mainly caused by Aureococcus anophagefferens,and a new type of ecological disaster that occurred only in the summer of 2011 and 2012 in the coastal areas of Shandong waters.Main jellyfish bloom species were Aurelia coerulea,Nemopelima nomurai,and Cyanea nozakii.Among them,A.coerulea was the species with the largest population,the widest distribution range,and the highest bloom frequency in the offshore areas of Shandong Peninsula.Bullacta exarata invasion was a biological invasion disaster caused by the artificial introduction in 2001.For the past few years,the amount of B.exarata had been greatly reduced in Shandong waters,and currently only a small scale distribution of this species had been found in certain waters nearby Binzhou,Dongying and Weifang. |
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