| 江苏省海岸侵蚀现状遥感监测与防治对策 |
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| 引用本文： | 崔丹丹,吕林,周永,邓慧丽,张慧铭,张东,沈永明.江苏省海岸侵蚀现状遥感监测与防治对策[J].海洋开发与管理,2021,38(7):83-89. |
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| 作者姓名： | 崔丹丹 吕林 周永 邓慧丽 张慧铭 张东 沈永明 |
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| 作者单位： | 江苏省海域使用动态监视监测中心;南京师范大学海洋科学与工程学院;南京师范大学海洋科学与工程学院;江苏省地理信息资源开发与利用协同创新中心 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目（41771447，U1609203）;重点实验室：自然资源部滨海盐沼湿地生态与资源重点实验室. |
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| 摘 要： | 文章利用卫星遥感解译、潮汐数值模拟、GIS空间拓扑分析等技术手段，对水边线进行水位订正，推算出2019年度江苏沿海的遥感海岸线，对江苏省海岸侵蚀现状进行了遥感监测与评估。研究结果表明:2019年江苏省共有侵蚀岸线长58.55 km，占全省大陆海岸线的7.39%。废黄河三角洲侵蚀型海岸的侵蚀岸段平均年侵蚀后退 59.24 m，主要表现为盐养围堤的冲刷水毁；辐射沙洲北翼淤长型海岸的侵蚀岸段年平均侵蚀后退152.28 m，表现为潮间带上部坡度变缓，海岸线持续内移。全省海岸带侵蚀总面积为 7.244 8 hm2，强侵蚀岸段主要分布在南八滩闸北侧，新洋河口两侧以及斗龙港南侧区域。文章同时结合江苏海域动态监管工作经验，提出了5点海岸侵蚀灾害防治对策:①加强天-空-地一体化多手段联合监测，精确监控海岸侵蚀灾害发生范围与程度，了解海岸侵蚀强度与等级；②联合多平台海洋观测，深入开展致灾因素分析，了解海岸侵蚀灾害的发展与变化趋势，逐步完善灾害预警机制；③根据不同的海岸类型与海岸侵蚀特征，有效开展多策略的海岸防护整治，减少海岸侵蚀灾害损失；④加快海岸带保护修复，明确海岸带开发活动的适宜空间与适宜程度，优化海岸带空间布局；⑤强化海岸责任管理，明确监管职责。
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| 关 键 词： | 江苏 海岸侵蚀 遥感 侵蚀速率 侵蚀强度 灾害防治 |
Remote Sensing Monitoring and Preventive Countermeasures of Coastal Erosion in Jiangsu Province |
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| CUI Dandan,LYU Lin,ZHOU Yong,DENG Huili,ZHANG Huiming,ZHANG Dong,SHEN Yongming.Remote Sensing Monitoring and Preventive Countermeasures of Coastal Erosion in Jiangsu Province[J].Ocean Development and Management,2021,38(7):83-89. |
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| Authors: | CUI Dandan LYU Lin ZHOU Yong DENG Huili ZHANG Huiming ZHANG Dong SHEN Yongming |
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| Institution: | Sea Area Use Dynamic Surveillant and Monitoring Center of Jiangsu Province;School of Marine Science and Engineering,Nanjing Normal University;School of Marine Science and Engineering,Nanjing Normal University;Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application |
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| Abstract: | In this study,remote sensing interpretation,tidal numerical simulation,and GIS spatial topo analysis techniques were used for the 2019 remote sensing coastline determination in Jiangsu Province.Coastal erosion status was monitored and evaluated.The results showed that: in 2019,the total length of the eroded coastline in Jiangsu Province was 58.55km,accounting for 7.39% of the provincial mainland coastline.The average annual erosion of the eroded coast in the Yellow River Delta receded 59.24m,mainly due to the erosion of the aquaculture dike.And the average annual erosion in coasts shielded by Radial Sandy Ridges receded by 152.28m,which showed that the upper slope of the intertidal zone became slower and the coastline continued to move inward.The total area of coastal erosion in Jiangsu Province reached 7.2448 ha,of which Yancheng was the largest.The strongly eroded coasts were mainly distributed on the north side of Nanbatan sluice,on both sides of the Xinyang River estuary,and on the south side of Doulong Port.And combined with the work experience of dynamic supervision of Jiangsu sea area,the paper put forward five relevant prevention and control countermeasures of coastal erosion disasters: 1) strengthen the joint monitoring of the integration of space,air and land to accurately monitor the scope and extent of coastal erosion disaster to understand the intensity and grade of coastal erosion; 2) joint multi platform ocean observations,carry out in-depth analysis of disaster-causing factors,understand the development and change trends of coastal erosion disasters,and gradually improve the disaster warning mechanism; 3) according to different types of coasts and characteristics of coastal erosion,effectively carry out multi-strategy coastal protection and remediation to reduce the loss of coastal erosion disasters; 4) speed up the protection and restoration of the coastal zone,clarify the suitable space and suitability of coastal zone development activities,and optimize the spatial layout of the coastal zone; 5) Strengthen the management of coastal responsibilities and clarify supervision responsibilities. |
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| Keywords: | Jiangsu Province Coastal erosion Remote sensing Erosion rate Erosion intensity Disaster prevention |
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