| 棘皮动物线粒体基因组研究进展 |
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| 引用本文： | 孙景贤,赵谭军,尹文露,刘丽,常亚青,湛垚垚.棘皮动物线粒体基因组研究进展[J].海洋通报,2021(1). |
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| 作者姓名： | 孙景贤 赵谭军 尹文露 刘丽 常亚青 湛垚垚 |
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| 作者单位： | 大连海洋大学 农业农村部北方海水增养殖重点实验室，辽宁 大连 116023 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金 （31672652）；辽宁省自然基金 （20170540104）；农业农村部农业科研人才及其创新团队项目 |
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| 摘 要： | 线粒体基因组是存在于真核生物线粒体中的重要遗传物质，可独立进行复制、转录和蛋白质合成。与核基因组相比，线粒体基因组具有长度相对较短、点突变率高等特点，被认为是研究生物系统进化的重要对象之一。近年来，在海洋生物研究中，线粒体基因组已被广泛应用于遗传分析、种质鉴定、分子标记挖掘以及系统进化研究等领域并取得了丰富的成果。棘皮动物在全球海洋中分布广泛，属无脊椎动物的高等类群，也是无脊椎动物向脊椎动物进化的重要节点生物。目前已有 97 个物种完成了线粒体基因组的测序。棘皮动物的线粒体基因组包含 37 个基因，其中 ND6 基因均分布于轻链。海胆和海星的基因排列顺序最为保守。棘皮动物在绝大多数情况下会使用 ATG 作为起始密码子，使用 TAA 和 TAG 作为终止密码子。根据现有的线粒体基因组数据和分析方法可以阐明绝大多数棘皮动物的分类与系统进化关系，但仍有一些物种的分析结果缺乏足够的可信度。棘皮动物线粒体基因组研究尚有很多方面仍需进一步开展。
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| 关 键 词： | 棘皮动物 线粒体基因组 系统发育 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020/2/14 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2020/6/24 0:00:00 |
Research progress on mitochondrial genome of echinoderms |
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| SUN Jingxian,ZHAO Tanjun,YIN Wenlu,LIU Li,CHANG Yaqing,ZHAN Yaoyao.Research progress on mitochondrial genome of echinoderms[J].Marine Science Bulletin,2021(1). |
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| Authors: | SUN Jingxian ZHAO Tanjun YIN Wenlu LIU Li CHANG Yaqing ZHAN Yaoyao |
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| Institution: | Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China''s Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China |
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| Abstract: | The mitochondrial genome is an important genetic material exists in eukaryotic mitochondria. It can be replicated, transcribed, and protein synthesized independently. The mitochondrial genome also has the characteristics of relatively short length and high point mutation rate as compared with nuclear genome. In recent years, mitochondrial genomes have been widely used in genetic analysis, germplasm identification, molecular marker mining and phylogenetic evolution analysis in marine organisms research. Echinoderms are widely distributed in the oceans. They belong to the higher group of invertebrates, and are also important node organisms for invertebrates to evolve into vertebrates. At present, the mitochondrial genome sequencing of 97 species had been completed. The mitochondrial genome of echinoderms contains 37 genes, of which ND6 gene is distributed in light chain. Sea urchins and starfish have the most conservative gene arrangements. In most cases, echinoderms use ATG as the starting codon, TAA and TAG as the stop codon. According to the existing mitochondrial genome data and analysis methods, the relationship between the classification and phylogeny of the vast majority of echinoderms could be elucidated, but there are still some species whose analysis results lack sufficient credibility. The mitochondrial genome of echinoderms still needs further study. |
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| Keywords: | echinoderm mitochondrial genome phylogeny |
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