| 气候变化中海洋和冰冻圈的变化、影响及风险 |
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| 引用本文： | 王慧,刘秋林,李文善,潘嵩,李琰,王爱梅,徐浩,吕江华.气候变化中海洋和冰冻圈的变化、影响及风险[J].海洋通报,2020,39(2):143-151. |
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| 作者姓名： | 王慧 刘秋林 李文善 潘嵩 李琰 王爱梅 徐浩 吕江华 |
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| 作者单位： | 国家海洋信息中心,天津300171;国家海洋信息中心,天津300171;国家海洋信息中心,天津300171;国家海洋信息中心,天津300171;国家海洋信息中心,天津300171;国家海洋信息中心,天津300171;国家海洋信息中心,天津300171;国家海洋信息中心,天津300171 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发计划 （2017YFC1405304；2017YFA0603200） |
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| 摘 要： | 本文系统梳理了IPCC《气候变化中的海洋和冰冻圈特别报告》(SROCC)的主要结论,并对主要观点进行了解读。报告主要关注全球变暖背景下高山、极地、海洋和沿海地区现在和未来的变化及其对人类和生态系统的影响,以及实现气候适应发展路径的方案。在全球变暖背景下,冰冻圈大面积萎缩,冰川冰盖质量损失,积雪减少,北极海冰范围和厚度减小,多年冻土升温,全球海洋持续增温,1993年以来,海洋变暖和吸热速度增加了一倍以上。同时,海洋表面酸化加剧,海洋含氧量减少。全球平均海平面呈加速上升趋势,2006—2015年全球海平面上升速率为3.6 mm/yr,是1901—1990年的2.5倍,但存在区域差异。高山、极地和海洋的生态系统的物种组成、分布和服务功能均发生变化,并对人类社会产生了显著负面影响。极端海洋气候事件发生频率增多,强度加大。1982年以来,全球范围内海洋热浪的发生频率增加了一倍,且范围更广,持续时间更长。海平面持续上升加剧了洪涝、海水入侵、海岸侵蚀等海岸带灾害,并影响沿海生态系统。海洋及冰冻圈的变化及其影响在未来一定时期仍将持续,应对这些影响而面临的挑战,应加强基于生态系统的适应和可再生能源管理,强化海岸带地区的海平面上升综合应对,打造积极有效、可持续和具有韧性的气候变化应对方案。
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| 关 键 词： | 全球变暖 海洋和冰冻圈 海平面上升 生态系统 影响应对 |
| 收稿时间： | 2019/12/12 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2020/4/3 0:00:00 |
The ocean and cryosphere in a changing climate: changes,impacts and risks |
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| WANG Hui,LIU Qiulin,LI Wenshan,PAN Song,LI Yan,WANG Aimei,XU Hao,LV Jianghua.The ocean and cryosphere in a changing climate: changes,impacts and risks[J].Marine Science Bulletin,2020,39(2):143-151. |
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| Authors: | WANG Hui LIU Qiulin LI Wenshan PAN Song LI Yan WANG Aimei XU Hao LV Jianghua |
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| Institution: | National Marine Data and Information Service, Tianjin 300171, China |
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| Abstract: | The main conclusions of the IPCC Special Report on Oceans and Cryosphere in Climate Change (SROCC) were systematically sorts out and interpreted. The SROCC focuses on current and future changes in high mountains, polar regions,oceans and coastal areas, their impacts on humans and ecosystems, and options for achieving climate-adapted development mass of glaciers and ice sheets, the snow accumulation as well as the range and thickness of Arctic sea ice are reducing. The permafrost is warming. Global oceans continues to warm, and the rate of ocean warming and heat absorption has doubled since 1993. The acidification of the ocean surface has intensified, and ocean oxygen content has reduced. Global mean sea level rise is accelerating with regional characteristics, and the rate of global sea level rise was 3.6 mm/yr during 2006-2015, which was 2.5 times of that during 1901-1990. Changes in composition, distribution, and service functions of ecosystems in
high mountains, polar regions, and oceans have significantly affected human society. The frequency and intensity of extreme marine climate events have increased. Of which the frequency of ocean heat waves has doubled since 1982, with a wider scope and longer duration. Rising sea levels exacerbate coastal disasters including flood, saltwater intrusion, coastal erosion and affect coastal ecosystems. The changes in ocean and cryosphere and their impacts will continue in the future, and challenges exists for implementing responses. Ecosystem-based adaptation and renewable energy management should be strengthened. Comprehensive responses to sea-level rise in coastal areas should be strengthened, and a positive, effective,sustainable, and resilient climate change response plan should be created. |
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| Keywords: | global warming ocean and cryosphere sea level rise ecosystem influence and implementing responses |
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