The ocean and international environmental law: swimming,sinking, and treading water at the millennium |
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| Institution: | 1. Faculty of Law, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 2400, Victoria, B.C., Canada V8W 3H7;2. Marine and Environmental Law Programme, Dalhousie University, 6061 University Avenue, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 4H9;1. Wageningen University, Aquaculture & Fisheries Group, De Elst 1, Wageningen 6708 WD, the Netherlands;2. Wageningen University, Marine Animal Ecology Group, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, Wageningen 6708 PB, the Netherlands;3. Sportvisserij Nederland, the Royal Dutch Angling Alliance, Leijenseweg 115, Bilthoven 3721 BC, the Netherlands;4. Wageningen Economic Research, Prinses Beatrixlaan 582, Den Haag 2595BM, the Netherlands;5. Wageningen University, Environmental Policy Group, Hollandseweg 1, Wageningen 6706 KN, the Netherlands;1. The Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health (CFSA) and China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100021, China;2. Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China;3. School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China;1. Antai College of Economics and Management, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200052, China;2. School of Public Economics and Administration, Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, Shanghai 200433, China;3. School of Business, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China;1. Department of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Mokpo National University, Jeollanamdo, South Korea;2. Department of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea |
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| Abstract: | Various images help capture the status and trends of international law and policy efforts to protect the ocean environment. While “treading water” and “sinking” partly describe legal conditions at the millennium, this paper examines seven challenges in the international environmental law field which at the very least promise to make for a “hard swim” in coming decades. Those challenges include: coping with the proliferation of negotiated instruments; overcoming political opposition to environmental commitments; clarifying the jurisprudential underpinnings of international environmental law; sorting out the relation of environmental ethics, science and the rule of law; fleshing out the principles of sustainable development; addressing practical problems of implementing international responsibilities; and visioning future paths of ocean governance. |
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